Numerical Simulations of Gaseous Disks Generated from Collisional Cascades at the Roche Limits of White Dwarf Stars

Abstract

We consider the long-term evolution of gaseous disks fed by the vaporization of small particles produced in a collisional cascade inside the Roche limit of a 0.6 Msun white dwarf. Adding solids with radius \r0\ at a constant rate ${\dot{M}}_0$ into a narrow annulus leads to two distinct types of evolution. When ${\dot{M}}_0>{\dot{M}}_{0,crit}$ = $3\times 10^4(r_0/1\mathrm{km}{)}^{3.92}$~g s${}^{-1}$, the cascade generates a fairly steady accretion disk where the mass transfer rate of gas onto the white dwarf is roughly ${\dot{M}}_0$ and the mass in gas is $M_g\approx 2.3\times 10^{22}({\dot{M}}_0/10^{10}g{s}^{-1})(1500\mathrm{K}/T_0)(10^{-3}/\alpha )$~g, where $T_0$ is the temperature of the gas near the Roche limit and $\alpha$ is the dimensionless viscosity parameter. If ${\dot{M}}_0<{\dot{M}}_{0,crit}$, the system alternates between high states with large mass transfer rates and low states with negligible accretion. Although either mode of evolution adds significant amounts of metals to the white dwarf photosphere, none of our calculations yield a vertically thin ensemble of solids inside the Roche limit. X-ray observations can place limits on the mass transfer rate and test this model for metallic line white dwarfs.

arXiv comment30 pages and 8 figures, ApJ, accepted

References in corpus (107)

• Accretion Disks around Young Objects. I. The Detailed Vertical Structure
• A Tidally-Disrupted Asteroid Around the White Dwarf G29-38
• Accretion disc viscosity: how big is alpha?
• Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets
• Are There Unstable Planetary Systems Around White Dwarfs?
• The frequency of planetary debris around young white dwarfs
• Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation V. Accumulation Near the Ice Line
• A gaseous metal disk around a white dwarf
• Runaway migration and the formation of hot Jupiters
• Infrared Signatures of Disrupted Minor Planets at White Dwarfs
• Multiband lightcurves of tidal disruption events
• X-ray Emissions from Accreting White Dwarfs: a Review
• The interaction of planets with a disc with MHD turbulence IV: Migration rates of embedded protoplanets
• New white dwarf and subdwarf stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12
• The Link Between Planetary Systems, Dusty White Dwarfs, and Metal Polluted White Dwarfs
• Circumstellar Debris and Pollution at White Dwarf Stars
• Pollution of single white dwarfs by accretion of many small asteroids
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• Luminous Thermal Flares from Quiescent Supermassive Black Holes
• Dust Migration and Morphology in Optically Thin Circumstellar Gas Disks
• Dynamical effects of stellar mass loss on a Kuiper-like belt
• Can Planets survive Stellar Evolution?
• The Dust cloud around the White Dwarf G 29-38
• Formation of planetary debris discs around white dwarfs I: Tidal disruption of an extremely eccentric asteroid
• Collisional Cascades in Planetesimal Disks II. Embedded Planets
• Externally-polluted white dwarfs with dust disks
• Simulations of two-planet systems through all phases of stellar evolution: implications for the instability boundary and white dwarf pollution
• Orbital migration of low-mass planets in evolutionary radiative models: Avoiding catastrophic infall
• Eccentric Planets and Stellar Evolution as a Cause of Polluted White Dwarfs
• Global Models of Runaway Accretion in White Dwarf Debris Disks
• The New Class of Dusty DAZ White Dwarfs
• Particle Pile-ups and Planetesimal Formation
• DA white dwarfs in SDSS DR7 and a search for infrared excess emission
• The frequency and infrared brightness of circumstellar discs at white dwarfs
• Runaway accretion of metals from compact debris disks onto white dwarfs
• The Chemical Composition of an Extrasolar Kuiper-Belt-Object
• Metal accretion onto white dwarfs caused by Poynting-Robertson drag on their debris disks
• The accretion-diffusion scenario for metals in cool white dwarfs
• Long-term evolution of three-planet systems to the post-Main Sequence and beyond
• The WIRED Survey II: Infrared Excesses in the SDSS DR7 White Dwarf Catalog
• Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) Demographics
• Echoes of a decaying planetary system: the gaseous and dusty disks surrounding three white dwarfs
• SDSSJ104341.53+085558.2: A second white dwarf with a gaseous debris disc
• Excess Infrared Radiation from a Massive DAZ White Dwarf: GD362 - a Debris Disk?
• The chemical diversity of exo-terrestrial planetary debris around white dwarfs
• Stochastic accretion of planetesimals onto white dwarfs: constraints on the mass distribution of accreted material from atmospheric pollution
• Evolution of OH and CO-dark Molecular Gas Fraction Across a Molecular Cloud Boundary In Taurus
• SDSSJ084539.17+225728.0: the first DBZ white dwarf with a metal-rich gaseous debris disc
• Infrared Emission from the Dusty Disk Orbiting GD 362, An Externally-Polluted White Dwarf
• Detectable close-in planets around white dwarfs through late unpacking
• Doppler-imaging of the planetary debris disc at the white dwarf SDSS J122859.93+104032.9
• A Trio of Metal-Rich Dust and Gas Disks Found Orbiting Candidate White Dwarfs with K-Band Excess
• The Chandra X-ray Survey of Planetary Nebulae (ChanPlaNS): Probing Binarity, Magnetic Fields, and Wind Collisions
• Signs of a faint disc population at polluted white dwarfs
• Gravitational Stirring in Planetary Debris Disks
• The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
• Variable Emission from a Gaseous Disc around a Metal-Polluted White Dwarf
• A New Hybrid N-Body-Coagulation Code for the Formation of Gas Giant Planets
• Formation of Organic Molecules and Water in Warm Disk Atmospheres
• Hydrogen delivery onto white dwarfs from remnant exo-Oort cloud comets
• Planetary engulfment as a trigger for white dwarf pollution
• The HCN-Water Ratio in the Planet Formation Region of Disks
• Inner edges of compact debris disks around metal-rich white dwarfs
• Throwing Icebergs at White Dwarfs
• A wide binary trigger for white dwarf pollution
• Numerical Simulations of Collisional Cascades at the Roche Limits of White Dwarf Stars
• Dusty Disks around White Dwarfs I: Origin of Debris Disks
• Migration of planets embedded in a circumstellar disk
• Gaseous Material Orbiting the Polluted, Dusty White Dwarf HE1349-2305
• Explaining the variability of WD 1145+017 with simulations of asteroid tidal disruption
• The viscosity parameter alpha and the properties of accretion disc outbursts in close binaries
• White dwarf pollution by planets in stellar binaries
• The orbital evolution of asteroids, pebbles and planets from giant branch stellar radiation and winds
• The space density and X-ray luminosity function of non-magnetic cataclysmic variables
• Liberating exomoons in white dwarf planetary systems
• Does a Differentiated, Carbonate-Rich, Rocky Object Pollute the White Dwarf SDSSJ104341.53+085558.2?
• Kepler and the seven dwarfs: detection of low-level day-timescale periodic photometric variations in white dwarfs
• Infrared observations of white dwarfs and the implications for the accretion of dusty planetary material
• Limiting Magnetic Fields in the Cosmic Web with Diffuse Radio Emission
• A Spitzer Search for Infrared Excesses around Massive Young White Dwarfs
• The WIRED Survey. IV. New Dust Disks from the McCook & Sion White Dwarf Catalog
• Spectroscopic Evolution of Disintegrating Planetesimals: Minutes to Months Variability in the Circumstellar Gas Associated with WD 1145+017
• On the Number of Comets Around White Dwarf Stars: Orbit Survival During the Late Stages of Stellar Evolution
• Transient outburst events from tidally disrupted asteroids near white dwarfs
• Global modeling of radiatively driven accretion of metals from compact debris disks onto the white dwarfs
• Detection of Weak Circumstellar Gas around the DAZ White Dwarf WD 1124-293: Evidence for the Accretion of Multiple Asteroids
• The Fate of Exomoons in White Dwarf Planetary Systems
• X-ray Luminosities of Optically-Selected Cataclysmic Variables and Application to the Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission
• Binary Disruption by Massive Black Holes: Hypervelocity Stars, S Stars, and Tidal Disruption Events
• Another one grinds the dust: Variability of the planetary debris disc at the white dwarf SDSS J104341.53+085558.2
• Post main sequence evolution of icy minor planets: Implications for water retention and white dwarf pollution
• Sublimation-induced orbital perturbations of extrasolar active asteroids and comets: application to white dwarf systems
• Dusty WDs in the $WISE$ All Sky Survey $\cap$ SDSS
• Formation of Super-Earth Mass Planets at 125-250 AU from a Solar-type Star
• Spitzer 24 um Survey for Dust Disks around Hot White Dwarfs
• Polluting White Dwarfs with Perturbed Exo-Comets
• Linking long-term planetary $N$-body simulations with periodic orbits: application to white dwarf pollution
• Variations on Debris Disks III. Collisional Cascades and Giant Impacts in the Terrestrial Zones of Solar-type Stars
• Infrared Photometric Analysis of White Dwarfs from The Two Micron All Sky Survey and the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Migration of small moons in Saturn's rings
• Rocky Planet Formation: Quick and Neat
• Post main sequence evolution of icy minor planets II: water retention and white dwarf pollution around massive progenitor stars
• CH Cygni II: Optical Flickering from an Unstable Disk
• Magnetospherically-trapped dust and a possible model for the unusual transits at WD 1145+017
• Hard X-ray Emission Associated with White Dwarfs II
• The gaseous debris disk of the white dwarf SDSS J1228+1040. HST/COS search for far-ultraviolet signatures
• Collisional Cascade Caclulations for Irregular Satellite Swarms in Fomalhaut b

Cited by in corpus (38)

• A planetesimal orbiting within the debris disc around a white dwarf star
• Tidal disruption of planetary bodies by white dwarfs I: A hybrid SPH-analytical approach
• The frequency of gaseous debris discs around white dwarfs
• Recurring Planetary Debris Transits and Circumstellar Gas around White Dwarf ZTF J0328$-$1219
• Polluted White Dwarfs: Mixing Regions and Diffusion Timescales
• White dwarfs with planetary remnants in the era of Gaia I: six emission line systems
• Relentless and Complex Transits from a Planetesimal Debris Disk
• Serendipitous Discovery of Nine White Dwarfs With Gaseous Debris Disks
• Dust Production and Depletion in Evolved Planetary Systems
• Evidence for eccentric, precessing gaseous debris in the circumstellar absorption towards WD 1145+017
• Horizontal spreading of planetary debris accreted by white dwarfs
• Exoplanet recycling in massive white-dwarf debris discs
• The dust never settles: collisional production of gas and dust in evolved planetary systems
• The lifetimes of planetary debris discs around white dwarfs
• Constraining the origin of the planetary debris surrounding ZTF J0139+5245 through rotational fission of a triaxial asteroid
• Embedding planetesimals into white dwarf discs from large distances
• Orbital relaxation and excitation of planets tidally interacting with white dwarfs
• Collisions in a gas-rich white dwarf planetary debris disc
• Effects of non-Kozai mutual inclinations on two-planet system stability through all phases of stellar evolution
• Shallow Ultraviolet Transits of WD 1145+017
• Ohmic heating of asteroids around magnetic stars
• Chaotic rotation and evolution of asteroids and small planets in high-eccentricity orbits around white dwarfs
• Formation of eccentric gas discs from sublimating or partially disrupted asteroids orbiting white dwarfs
• Survivability of radio-loud planetary cores orbiting white dwarfs
• The entry geometry and velocity of planetary debris into the Roche sphere of a white dwarf
• Constraining planet formation around 6$M_{\odot }$-8$M_{\odot }$ stars
• The white dwarf planet WD J0914+1914 b: barricading potential rocky pollutants?
• Disk or Companion: Characterizing Excess Infrared Flux in Seven White Dwarf Systems with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
• The grain size survival threshold in one-planet post-main-sequence exoplanetary systems
• Velocity-imaging the rapidly precessing planetary disc around the white dwarf HE 1349-2305 using Doppler tomography
• Generating metal-polluting debris in white dwarf planetary systems from small-impact crater ejecta
• Discovery of magnetically guided metal accretion onto a polluted white dwarf
• Magnetic interactions in orbital dynamics
• Rapid destruction of planetary debris around white dwarfs through aeolian erosion
• Planetesimals drifting through dusty and gaseous white dwarf debris discs: Types I, II and III-like migration
• Origin of Ca II emission around polluted white dwarfs
• The SNIa Runaway LP 398-9: Detection of Circumstellar Material and Surface Rotation
• A double debris disc around a white dwarf sculpted by two planetary bodies