PEWDD: A database of white dwarfs enriched by exo-planetary material

Abstract

We present the Planetary Enriched White Dwarf Database (PEWDD), a collection of published photospheric abundances of white dwarfs accreting planetary debris alongside additional information relevant to metal-enrichment and the presence of infrared excesses, emission lines, and binary companions. PEWDD contains at the time of publishing information on 1739 white dwarfs and will be kept up-to-date with information from new publications. A total of 24 photospheric metals are recorded and are linked to accretion of exo-planetary material. The overall properties of metal-enriched white dwarfs are severely affected by observational selection effects; in particular we find that what metals are detectable strongly correlates with the effective temperature. By considering metal-enriched white dwarfs which have abundances measured by different methods, we find a spread that is comparable with the often quoted ad-hoc estimated abundance uncertainties, i.e. ~0.1-0.2dex. We draw attention to a dichotomy in the median accretion rates for metal-enriched H- and He-dominated white dwarfs, with M_{acc, H} = 7.7e7g/s and M_{acc, He} = 8.7e8g/s when extrapolating bulk compositions from bulk Earth Ca abundance. We identify 40 metal-enriched white dwarfs in binary systems and find evidence that enrichment is suppressed by binary companions within 200au.

19 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables + appendix. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (174)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Gaia mission
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• A Tidally-Disrupted Asteroid Around the White Dwarf G29-38
• The frequency of planetary debris around young white dwarfs
• A gaseous metal disk around a white dwarf
• A Comprehensive Spectroscopic Analysis of DB White Dwarfs
• Ancient planetary systems are orbiting a large fraction of white dwarf stars
• A Spectroscopic Survey & Analysis of Bright, Hydrogen-Rich White Dwarfs
• Infrared Signatures of Disrupted Minor Planets at White Dwarfs
• The Chemical Composition of an Extrasolar Minor Planet
• A catalogue of white dwarfs in Gaia EDR3
• The White Dwarf Initial-Final Mass Relation for Progenitor Stars From 0.85 to 7.5 M${}_{\odot }$
• Accretion and diffusion in white dwarfs. New diffusion timescales and applications to GD362 and G29-38
• New white dwarf and subdwarf stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12
• The Link Between Planetary Systems, Dusty White Dwarfs, and Metal Polluted White Dwarfs
• The Impact of Stellar Multiplicity on Planetary Systems, I.: The Ruinous Influence of Close Binary Companions
• New white dwarf stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10
• Circumstellar Debris and Pollution at White Dwarf Stars
• They are Small Worlds After All: Revised Properties of Kepler M Dwarf Stars and their Planets
• Formation of planetary debris discs around white dwarfs I: Tidal disruption of an extremely eccentric asteroid
• Chemical Abundances in the Externally Polluted White Dwarf GD 40: Evidence of a Rocky Extrasolar Minor Planet
• Evidence for Water in the Rocky Debris of a Disrupted Extrasolar Minor Planet
• A Dusty Disk Around GD 362, a White Dwarf With a Uniquely High Photospheric Metal Abundance
• On the Spectral Evolution of Cool, Helium-Atmosphere White Dwarfs: Detailed Spectroscopic and Photometric Analysis of DZ Stars
• A planetesimal orbiting within the debris disc around a white dwarf star
• Debris Disks Around White Dwarfs: The DAZ Connection
• Extrasolar planets in stellar multiple systems
• Elemental Compositions of Two Extrasolar Rocky Planetesimals
• Accretion of a giant planet onto a white dwarf
• Global Models of Runaway Accretion in White Dwarf Debris Disks
• Constraints on the Lifetimes of Disks Resulting from Tidally Destroyed Rocky Planetary Bodies
• Cool DZ white dwarfs II: Compositions and evolution of old remnant planetary systems
• The New Class of Dusty DAZ White Dwarfs
• The Mass-Loss Induced Eccentric Kozai Mechanism: A New Channel for the Production of Close Compact Object-Stellar Binaries
• The Gaia 20 pc white dwarf sample
• The 100 pc White Dwarf Sample in the SDSS Footprint
• The frequency and infrared brightness of circumstellar discs at white dwarfs
• An aluminum/calcium-rich, iron-poor, white dwarf star: evidence for an extrasolar planetary lithosphere?
• The Chemical Composition of an Extrasolar Kuiper-Belt-Object
• Metal accretion onto white dwarfs caused by Poynting-Robertson drag on their debris disks
• The accretion-diffusion scenario for metals in cool white dwarfs
• Detailed compositional analysis of the heavily polluted DBZ white dwarf SDSS J073842.56+183509.06: A window on planet formation?
• Analysis of Helium-Rich White Dwarfs Polluted by Heavy Elements in the Gaia Era
• Echoes of a decaying planetary system: the gaseous and dusty disks surrounding three white dwarfs
• Impact of Binary Stars on Planet Statistics -- I. Planet Occurrence Rates, Trends with Stellar Mass, and Wide Companions to Hot Jupiter Hosts
• SDSSJ104341.53+085558.2: A second white dwarf with a gaseous debris disc
• Strengthening the Case for Asteroidal Accrection: Evidence for Subtle and Diverse Disks at White Dwarfs
• $Gaia$ white dwarfs within 40 pc II: the volume-limited northern hemisphere sample
• The Discovery of the Most Metal-Rich White Dwarf: Composition of a Tidally Disrupted Extrasolar Dwarf Planet
• Infrared Emission from the Dusty Disk Orbiting GD 362, An Externally-Polluted White Dwarf
• Likely detection of water-rich asteroid debris in a metal-polluted white dwarf
• Unstable low-mass planetary systems as drivers of white dwarf pollution
• Two Beyond-Primitive Extrasolar Planetesimals
• Doppler-imaging of the planetary debris disc at the white dwarf SDSS J122859.93+104032.9
• Rocky Extrasolar Planetary Compositions Derived from Externally-Polluted White Dwarfs
• DB white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 and 12
• The unbiased frequency of planetary signatures around single and binary white dwarfs using $Spitzer$ and $Hubble$
• Signs of a faint disc population at polluted white dwarfs
• A common origin of magnetism from planets to white dwarfs
• A New Generation of Cool White Dwarf Atmosphere Models. I. Theoretical Framework and Applications to DZ Stars
• Variable Emission from a Gaseous Disc around a Metal-Polluted White Dwarf
• An unusual white dwarf star may be a surviving remnant of a subluminous Type Ia supernova
• X-ray and Infrared Observations of Two Externally-Polluted White Dwarfs
• Scars of Intense Accretion Episodes at Metal-Rich White Dwarfs
• Spitzer IRAC Observations of White Dwarfs. II. Massive Planetary and Cold Brown Dwarf Companions to Young and Old Degenerates
• The 40 pc sample of white dwarfs from Gaia
• A Dusty Disk Around WD1150-153: Explaining the Metals in White Dwarfs by Accretion from the Interstellar Medium versus Debris Disks
• Possible Signs of Water and Differentiation in a Rocky Exoplanetary Body
• Accretion of a Terrestrial-Like Minor Planet by a White Dwarf
• Compositions of Planetary Debris around Dusty White Dwarfs
• Inner edges of compact debris disks around metal-rich white dwarfs
• Two Extrasolar Asteroids with Low Volatile-Element Mass Fractions
• The DA+dMe eclipsing binary EC13471-1258: its cup runneth over...just
• On The Evolution of Magnetic White Dwarfs
• Interpretation and diversity of exoplanetary material orbiting white dwarfs
• New white dwarf envelope models and diffusion. Application to DQ white dwarfs
• The Survival of Water within Extrasolar Minor Planets
• Rotation velocities of white dwarfs determined from the CaII K line
• Measuring M dwarf Winds with DAZ White Dwarfs
• $\text{Gaia}$ white dwarfs within 40 pc I: spectroscopic observations of new candidates
• Gaseous Material Orbiting the Polluted, Dusty White Dwarf HE1349-2305
• Element abundances in cool white dwarfs. II. Ultraviolet observations of DZ white dwarfs
• Trace hydrogen in helium atmosphere white dwarfs as a possible signature of water accretion
• Evidence for an external origin of heavy elements in hot DA white dwarfs
• The frequency of gaseous debris discs around white dwarfs
• Temperatures and Metallicities of M dwarfs in the APOGEE Survey
• Heavy element abundance patterns in hot DA white dwarfs
• Partly burnt runaway stellar remnants from peculiar thermonuclear supernovae
• Does a Differentiated, Carbonate-Rich, Rocky Object Pollute the White Dwarf SDSSJ104341.53+085558.2?
• Convective Overshoot and Macroscopic Diffusion in Pure-Hydrogen Atmosphere White Dwarfs
• Multiple channels for the onset of magnetism in isolated white dwarfs
• The Great Escape III: Placing post-main-sequence evolution of planetary and binary systems in a Galactic context
• Post Common Envelope Binaries from SDSS. XV: Accurate stellar parameters for a cool 0.4-solar mass white dwarf and a 0.16-solar mass M-dwarf in a 3 hour eclipsing binary
• Are exoplanetesimals differentiated?
• The Occurrence of Wide-Orbit Planets in Binary Star Systems
• The Magnetic and Metallic Degenerate G77-50
• Infrared observations of white dwarfs and the implications for the accretion of dusty planetary material
• A Photometric and Spectroscopic Investigation of the DB White Dwarf Population using SDSS and Gaia Data
• The Solar Neighborhood. XXXIX. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI and NOFS Programs: 50 New Members of the 25 Parsec White Dwarf Sample
• Carbon to oxygen ratios in extrasolar planetesimals
• The incidence of magnetic fields in cool DZ white dwarfs
• Accretion from debris disks onto white dwarfs : Fingering (thermohaline) instability and derived accretion rates
• $\text{Gaia}$ white dwarfs within 40 pc III: spectroscopic observations of new candidates in the southern hemisphere
• A white dwarf accreting planetary material determined from X-ray observations
• Global modeling of radiatively driven accretion of metals from compact debris disks onto the white dwarfs
• Rapid Evolution of the Gaseous Exoplanetary Debris Around the White Dwarf Star HE 1349--2305
• Constraints on the Initial-Final Mass Relation from Wide Double White Dwarfs
• A 3D Search for Companions to 12 Nearby M-Dwarfs
• Solar Abundances of Rock Forming Elements, Extreme Oxygen and Hydrogen in a Young Polluted White Dwarf
• The Solar Neighborhood. XIX. Discovery and Characterization of 33 New Nearby White Dwarf Systems
• Alkali metals in white dwarf atmospheres as tracers of ancient planetary crusts
• The polluted atmospheres of cool white dwarfs and the magnetic field connection
• The heavily polluted atmosphere of the DAZ white dwarf GALEX J193156.8+011745
• White dwarf pollution by hydrated planetary remnants: Hydrogen and Metals in WD J204713.76-125908.9
• Serendipitous Discovery of Nine White Dwarfs With Gaseous Debris Disks
• White dwarfs with planetary remnants in the era of Gaia I: six emission line systems
• Discovery of Beryllium in White Dwarfs Polluted by Planetesimal Accretion
• Horizontal spreading of planetary debris accreted by white dwarfs
• Pressure shifts and abundance gradients in the atmosphere of the DAZ white dwarf GALEX J193156.8+011745
• Bayesian constraints on the origin and geology of exo-planetary material using a population of externally polluted white dwarfs
• Evidence for an Anhydrous Carbonaceous Extrasolar Minor Planet
• Cold giant planets evaporated by hot white dwarfs
• On the Spectral Evolution of Hot White Dwarf Stars. III. The PG 1159$-$DO$-$DB$-$DQ Evolutionary Channel Revisited
• The Hyades Cluster: Identification of a Planetary System and Escaping White Dwarfs
• Evidence of enhanced magnetism in cool, polluted white dwarfs
• Can magnetic fields suppress convection in the atmosphere of cool white dwarfs? A case study on WD2105-820
• Modeling of the Variable Circumstellar Absorption Features of WD 1145+017
• Lithium pollution of a white dwarf records the accretion of an extrasolar planetesimal
• A New Generation of Cool White Dwarf Atmosphere Models. II. A DZ Star with Collision-Induced Absorption
• White dwarf and subdwarf stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16
• Linking long-term planetary $N$-body simulations with periodic orbits: application to white dwarf pollution
• Spectral analysis of ultra-cool white dwarfs polluted by planetary debris
• No evidence for a strong decrease of planetesimal accretion in old white dwarfs
• Host-star and exoplanet compositions: a pilot study usinga wide binary with a polluted white dwarf
• The spectral evolution of white dwarfs: where do we stand?
• Icy Exomoons Evidenced by Spallogenic Nuclides in Polluted White Dwarfs
• New chondritic bodies identified in eight oxygen-bearing white dwarfs
• The cool magnetic DAZ white dwarf NLTT 10480
• Magnesium abundances in cool metal-polluted white dwarfs
• A new weak-field magnetic DA white dwarf in the local 20 pc volume. The frequency of magnetic fields in DA stars
• Collisions in a gas-rich white dwarf planetary debris disc
• GD424 -- a helium-atmosphere white dwarf with a large amount of trace hydrogen in the process of digesting a rocky planetesimal
• A New Generation of Cool White Dwarf Atmosphere Models. III. WD J2356$-$209: Accretion of a Planetesimal with an Unusual Composition
• A DZ white dwarf with a 30 MG magnetic field
• Accretion in the detached post-common-envelope binary LTT 560
• First detection of bromine and antimony in hot stars
• A Characterization of the Circumstellar Gas around WD 1124-293 using Cloudy
• Unusual Abundances from Planetary System Material Polluting the White Dwarf G238-44
• A Multi-Survey Approach to White Dwarf Discovery
• Distant White Dwarfs in the US Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station Parallax Sample
• VLT/X-shooter observations and the chemical composition of cool white dwarfs
• Magnetic dynamos in white dwarfs -- II. Relating magnetism and pollution
• Atmospheric parameters and carbon abundance for hot DB white dwarfs
• Radiative Levitation of Silicon in the Atmospheres of Two Hyades DA White Dwarfs
• Modeling the Evolution of Silicate/Volatile Accretion Discs around White Dwarfs
• Systematic uncertainties in the characterisation of helium-dominated metal-polluted white dwarf atmospheres
• Spectral analysis of cool white dwarfs accreting from planetary systems: from the UV to the optical
• A subtle IR excess associated with a young White Dwarf in the Edinburgh-Cape Blue Object Survey
• The far-ultraviolet spectra of "cool" PG1159 stars
• The polluted atmosphere of the white dwarf NLTT 25792 and the diversity of circumstellar environments
• Multi-wavelength observations of the EUV variable metal-rich white dwarf GD 394
• Disk or Companion: Characterizing Excess Infrared Flux in Seven White Dwarf Systems with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
• SDSS J124043.01+671034.68: The partially burned remnant of a low-mass white dwarf that underwent thermonuclear ignition?
• Velocity-imaging the rapidly precessing planetary disc around the white dwarf HE 1349-2305 using Doppler tomography
• The nearby magnetic cool DZ white dwarf PM J08186-3110
• New simulations of accreting DA white dwarfs: inferring accretion rates from the surface contamination
• A cool, magnetic white dwarf accreting planetary debris
• Effect of Radiative Levitation on Calculations of Accretion Rates in White Dwarfs
• Photospheric phosphorus in the FUSE spectra of GD71 and two similar DA white dwarfs
• Serendipitous discovery of a dusty disc around WDJ181417.84-735459.83
• Reinterpreting the Polluted White Dwarf SDSS J122859.93+104032.9 in Light of Thermohaline Mixing Models: More Polluting Material from a Larger Orbiting Solid Body
• Detection of cesium in the atmosphere of the hot He-rich white dwarf HD 149499B
• Measurement of stellar and substellar winds using white dwarf hosts

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Characterizing planetary material accreted by cool helium atmosphere white dwarfs using an exponentially decaying disc model
• Discovery of an icy and nitrogen-rich extrasolar planetesimal
• Discovery of a second-generation planet candidate accreting onto a white dwarf
• Detecting water ice and vapor disks originating from icy planetary bodies around white dwarfs with future PRIMA observations
• I Can Do It With A Broken Planetesimal: Characterising the planetary debris in heavily polluted cool white dwarfs