Magnetic White Dwarfs

Abstract

In this paper we review the current status of research on the observational and theoretical characteristics of isolated and binary magnetic white dwarfs (MWDs). Magnetic fields of isolated MWDs are observed to lie in the range 10^3-10^9G. While the upper limit cutoff appears to be real, the lower limit is more difficult to investigate. The incidence of magnetism below a few 10^3G still needs to be established by sensitive spectropolarimetric surveys conducted on 8m class telescopes. Highly magnetic WDs tend to exhibit a complex and non-dipolar field structure with some objects showing the presence of higher order multipoles. There is no evidence that fields of highly magnetic WDs decay over time, which is consistent with the estimated Ohmic decay times scales of ~10^11 yrs. MWDs, as a class, also appear to be more massive than their weakly or non-magnetic counterparts. MWDs are also found in binary systems where they accrete matter from a low-mass donor star. These binaries, called magnetic Cataclysmic Variables (MCVs) and comprise about 20-25\% of all known CVs. Zeeman and cyclotron spectroscopy of MCVs have revealed the presence of fields in the range $\sim 7-230$\,MG. Complex field geometries have been inferred in the high field MCVs (the polars) whilst magnetic field strength and structure in the lower field group (intermediate polars, IPs) are much harder to establish. The origin of fields in MWDs is still being debated. While the fossil field hypothesis remains an attractive possibility, field generation within the common envelope of a binary system has been gaining momentum, since it would explain the absence of MWDs paired with non-degenerate companions and also the lack of relatively wide pre-MCVs.

73 pages, 22 figures, 2 large tables. Invited review chapter on Magnetic White Dwarfs to appear in Space Science Reviews, Springer

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• Dynamical fast flow generation/acceleration in dense degenerate two-fluid plasmas of astrophysical objects
• Spectrophotometric analysis of magnetic white dwarf II: Helium-rich compositions
• A Magnetic White Dwarf with Five H$\alpha$ Components
• Possible Contribution of Magnetized White Dwarf Binaries to Type Ia Supernova Populations
• Landau levels in a gravitational field: The Schwarzschild spacetime case
• The double white dwarf merger progenitors of SDSS J2211+1136 and ZTF J1901+1458
• SpecpolFlow: a new software package for spectropolarimetry using Python
• Circular Polarimetry of Suspect Wind-accreting Magnetic pre-Polars
• Discovery of magnetic fields in five DC white dwarfs
• Impact of dipolar magnetic fields on gravitational wave strain by galactic binaries
• Decihertz gravitational waves from double white dwarf merger remnants
• The Effect of a Magnetic Field on the Dynamics of Debris Discs Around White Dwarfs
• Life after eruption VIII: The orbital periods of novae
• Magnetic White Dwarfs: Observations, Theory, and Future Prospects
• X-ray and optical observations of four polars
• Tidally excited oscillations in hot white dwarfs
• Discovery of a young pre-intermediate polar
• IGR J14257-6117, a magnetic accreting white dwarf with a very strong X-ray orbital modulation
• CRTS J035010.7+323230, a new eclipsing polar in the cataclysmic variable period gap
• Neutrino Emissivities as a Probe of the Internal Magnetic Fields of White Dwarfs
• An emerging and enigmatic spectral class of isolated DAe white dwarfs
• Breaking the degeneracy in magnetic cataclysmic variable X-ray spectral modeling using X-ray light curves
• The magnetic system SMSS J1606-1000 as a period bouncer
• Chandra, NuSTAR, and Optical Observations of the Cataclysmic Variables IGR J17528-2022 and IGR J20063+3641
• The Formation of Discs in the Interior of AGB Stars from the Tidal Disruption of Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• Single Millisecond Pulsars from Dynamical Interaction Processes in Dense Star Clusters
• Signs of Binary Evolution in 7 Magnetic DA White Dwarfs
• A promising formation channel for symbiotic X-ray binaries: cases of IGR J17329-2731 and 4U 1700+24
• 1RXH J082623.6-505741: a new long-period cataclysmic variable with an evolved donor and a low mass transfer rate
• Cyclotron emitting magnetic white dwarfs in post common envelope binaries discovered with the Zwicky Transient Facility
• On the optical transients from double white-dwarf mergers
• X-ray Spectra and Light Curves of Cooling Novae and a Nova-Like
• White dwarf -- red giant star binaries as Type Ia supernova progenitors: with and without magnetic confinement
• Optical study of the polar BM CrB in low accretion state
• Quest for the Donor Star in the Magnetic Precataclysmic Variable V1082 Sgr
• K2 study of the Magnetic Precataclysmic Variable V1082 Sagittarius
• Discovery and characterization of ZTF J0112+5827: An 80.9-minute polar with strong cyclotron features
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• A FRB in a Globular Cluster: Why Is This Neutron Star Different From (Almost) All Other Neutron Stars?
• Magnetic fields in circumstellar envelopes of evolved AGB stars
• Polarimetry of binary systems: polars, magnetic CVs, XRBs
• Optical observations and cyclops post-shock region modelling of the polar V348 Pav
• Discovery, observations and modelling of a new eclipsing polar: MASTER OT J061451.70-272535.5
• Atmospheric heating and magnetism driven by ${}^{22}$Ne distillation in isolated white dwarfs
• Discovery of Dipolar Chromospheres in Two White Dwarfs
• Spin-1/2 particles under the influence of a uniform magnetic field in the interior Schwarzschild solution
• Hydrogen ionization equilibrium in magnetic fields
• Compact star deformation and universal relationship for magnetized white dwarfs
• Formation, Possible Detection and Consequences of Highly Magnetized Compact Stars
• Axion sourcing in dense stellar matter via CP-violating couplings
• Positive-energy spectra of atomic hydrogen in a magnetic field with an adiabatic-basis-expansion method
• Prospects for the Observation of Continuous Gravitational Waves from Deformed Fast-spinning White Dwarfs
• Comparing the Space Densities of Millisecond-Spin Magnetars and Fast X-Ray Transients
• A candidate magnetic helium core white dwarf in the globular cluster NGC 6397
• Planetary magnetosphere evolution around post-main-sequence stars
• Planetesimals drifting through dusty and gaseous white dwarf debris discs: Types I, II and III-like migration
• A Study of Magnetized White Dwarf + Helium Star Binary Evolution to Type Ia Supernovae
• On the Polarized Nonthermal Emission from AR Scorpii
• Younger age for the oldest magnetic white dwarfs
• White dwarf magnetospheres: Shielding volatile content of icy objects and implications for volatile pollution scarcity
• Seismology and diffusion of ultramassive white dwarf magnetic fields
• The stellar population in the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey
• Fast quasi-periodic oscillations in the eclipsing polar VV Puppis from VLT and XMM-Newton observations
• Secular dipole-dipole stability of magnetic binaries
• The nature of the cataclysmic variable PT Per
• Evidence for GeV Cosmic Rays from White Dwarfs in the Local Cosmic Ray Spectra and in the Gamma-ray Emissivity of the Inner Galaxy
• A candidate giant planet companion to the massive, young white dwarf GALEX J071816.4+373139 informs the occurrence of giant planets orbiting B stars
• Effects of modified gravity on microscopic properties and cooling timescale of white dwarfs
• Evolution of a Long-Lived Deep-Seated Main-Sequence Magnetic Field During White Dwarf Cooling
• White Dwarf Stars in the Big Data Era
• Magnetic dynamos powered by white dwarf superficial convection
• Plasma Instabilities Dominate Radioactive Transients Magnetic Fields: The self-confinement of leptons in Type Ia and Core-Collapse Supernovae, and Kilonovae
• Evolutionary relations between different types of Magnetized Compact Objects
• Spectropolarimetry of stars across the H-R diagram
• Near-critical magnetic fields in Kepler red giants
• An attempt to study axion-photon coupling using compact binary systems with high Shapiro time delay
• Charged anisotropic white dwarfs in $f\left(R,T\right)$ gravity
• Collision of ultra-relativistic proton with strong magnetic field: production of ultra-high energy photons and neutrinos
• Magnetically arrested transmutation of a compact star
• Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster variants in combination with perturbative triples corrections in strong magnetic fields
• Identifying highly magnetized white dwarfs: A dimensionality reduction framework for estimating magnetic fields
• A persistent bow shock in a diskless magnetised accreting white dwarf
• Ultra-High-Resolution Astronomy with the Solar Gravitational Lens
• Science with a large field-of-view polarization survey: The Large Array Survey Telescope Polarization Node (LAST-P)
• Magnetic dynamos in white dwarfs -III: explaining the occurrence of strong magnetic fields in close double white dwarfs
• Searching for Magnetic White Dwarfs in LAMOST DR10
• Data-Driven Constraints on Magnetar Population: No Evidence for a Distinct White Dwarf Channel
• Continuous gravitational wave from magnetized white dwarfs
• Slow convection and fast rotation in crystallization-driven white dwarf dynamos
• The X-ray emission of the long-period transient and accreting cataclysmic variable ASKAP J174508.9-505149
• Discovery and analysis of three magnetic hot subdwarf stars: evidence for merger-induced magnetic fields
• Continuous Gravitational Waves from Supersoft X-ray Sources: Promising Targets for deci-Hz Detectors
• Astroparticle physics with compact objects
• Multiwavelength Characterization of a New Magnetic Cataclysmic Variable 2CXO J050740.7-091337
• Time Domain Astronomy with the THESEUS Satellite