The VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey: ~10,000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts to study galaxy assembly at early epochs 2<z<~6

Abstract

We present the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS), a spectroscopic redshift survey of ~10.000 very faint galaxies to study the major phase of galaxy assembly 2<z<~6. The survey covers 1 deg^2 in 3 separate fields: COSMOS, ECDFS and VVDS-02h, with targets selection based on an inclusive combination of photometric redshifts and color properties. Spectra covering 3650<lambda<9350 A are obtained with VIMOS on the ESO-VLT with integration times of 14h. Here we present the survey strategy, the target selection, the data processing, as well as the redshift measurement process, emphasizing the specific methods adapted to this high redshift range. The spectra quality and redshift reliability are discussed, and we derive a completeness in redshift measurement of 91%, or 74% for the most reliable measurements, down to i_AB=25, and measurements are performed all the way down to i_AB=27. The redshift distribution of the main sample peaks at z=3-4 and extends over a large redshift range mainly in 2 < z < 6. At 3<z<5, the galaxies cover a large range of luminosities -23< M_U < -20.5, stellar mass 10^9 M_sun< M_star < 10^{11} M_sun, and star formation rates 1 M_sun/yr< SFR < 10^3 M_sun/yr. We discuss the spectral properties of galaxies using individual as well as stacked spectra. The comparison between spectroscopic and photometric redshifts as well as color selection demonstrate the effectiveness of our selection scheme. With ~6000 galaxies with reliable spectroscopic redshifts in 2<z<6 expected when complete, this survey is the largest at these redshifts and offers the opportunity for unprecedented studies of the star-forming galaxy population and its distribution in large scale structures during the major phase of galaxy assembly.

arXiv comment43 pages, 30 figures, submitted to A&A

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• Lyman Continuum Galaxy Candidates in COSMOS
• ALMA reveals the molecular gas properties of 5 star-forming galaxies across the main sequence at 3 < z < 3.5
• The Size and Pervasiveness of Ly$\alpha$-UV Spatial Offsets in Star-Forming Galaxies at $z\sim 6$
• Outside the Lyman-break box: detecting Lyman continuum emitters at $3.5<z<5.1$ with CLAUDS
• WEAVE-StePS. A stellar population survey using WEAVE at WHT
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: the population of [CII]-undetected galaxies and their role in the ${\mathrm{L}}_{[\mathrm{CII}]}$-SFR relation
• AGN accretion and black hole growth across compact and extended galaxy evolution phases
• Protocluster detection in simulations of HSC-SSP and the 10-year LSST forecast, using PCcones
• The XXL Survey: XXIII. The Mass Scale of XXL Clusters from Ensemble Spectroscopy
• SIPGI: an interactive pipeline for spectroscopic data reduction
• Bayesian hierarchical modelling of the ${\mathrm{M}}_{\star }$-SFR relation from 1<z<6 in ASTRODEEP
• The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey: The spectroscopic measurements catalogue
• Observational Evidence for Large-Scale Gas Heating in a Galaxy Protocluster at z=2.30
• The star formation rate cookbook at 1 < z < 3: Extinction-corrected relations for UV & [OII]λ3727 luminosities
• The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at $2.4\lesssim z\lesssim 3.0$ from UVCANDELS
• Morphology & Environment's Role on the Star Formation Rate -- Stellar Mass Relation in COSMOS from 0 < z < 3.5
• The XXL Survey: XXII. The XXL-North spectrophotometric sample and galaxy stellar mass function in X-ray detected groups and clusters
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Investigation of 10 Galaxies at $z\sim 4.5$ with [OII] and [CII] Line Emission $-$ ISM Properties and [OII]$-$SFR Relation
• The PAU Survey: Measurements of the 4000 Å spectral break with narrow-band photometry
• The Merian Survey: Design, Construction, and Characterization of a Filter Set Optimized to Find Dwarf Galaxies and Measure their Dark Matter Halo Properties with Weak Lensing
• Euclid preparation. XXX. Performance assessment of the NISP Red-Grism through spectroscopic simulations for the Wide and Deep surveys
• HST F160W Imaging of Very Massive Galaxies at $1.5<z<3.0$: Diversity of Structures and the Effect of Close Pairs on Number Density Estimates
• Search and characterization of remnant radio galaxies in the XMM$-$LSS deep field
• Complete IRAC mapping of the CFHTLS-DEEP, MUSYC AND NMBS-II FIELDS
• Discovering Large-Scale Structure at $2<z<5$ in the C3VO Survey
• COSMOS-Web: A history of galaxy migrations over the stellar mass-star formation rate plane
• The MUSE-Wide survey: Three-dimensional clustering analysis of Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters at $3.3<z<6$
• The role of environment in galaxy evolution in the SERVS Survey I: density maps and cluster candidates
• High redshift galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey: I. selection method and number counts based on redshift PDFs
• Subaru narrow-band imaging search for Lyman continuum from galaxies at z>3 in the GOODS-N field
• MAGIC: Muse gAlaxy Groups In Cosmos -- A survey to probe the impact of environment on galaxy evolution over the last 8 Gyr
• The Intergalactic medium transmission towards z>4 galaxies with VANDELS and the impact of dust attenuation
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: CGM pollution and gas mixing by tidal stripping in a merging system at z~4.57
• Metal content of the circumgalactic medium around star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 2.6 as revealed by the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey
• The impact of medium-width bands on the selection, and subsequent luminosity function measurements, of high-z galaxies
• A Spectroscopic Census of X-ray Systems in the COSMOS Field
• Emission line selected galaxies at $z=0.6-2$ in GOODS South: Stellar masses, SFRs, and large scale structure
• Feedback and dynamical masses in high-$z$ galaxies: the advent of high-resolution NIRSpec spectroscopy
• DESI Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (DC3R2): Results from early DESI data
• pop-cosmos: Scaleable inference of galaxy properties and redshifts with a data-driven population model
• The nature of sub-millimetre galaxies I: A comparison of AGN and star-forming galaxy SED fits
• A Catalog of Emission-Line Galaxies from the Faint Infrared Grism Survey: Studying Environmental Influence on Star Formation
• Characterising Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters using the Millennium-XXL and MOKA simulations
• Determining the systemic redshift of Lyman-alpha emitters with neural networks and improving the measured large-scale clustering
• Environments of a sample of AzTEC submillimetre galaxies in the COSMOS field
• The less and the more IGM transmitted galaxies from z~2.7 to z~6 from VANDELS and VUDS
• JWST PRIMER: A deep JWST study of all ALMA-detected galaxies in PRIMER COSMOS -- dust-obscured star-formation history back to z $\simeq$ 7
• LEGA-C: analysis of dynamical masses from ionized gas and stellar kinematics at z~0.8
• The most massive, passive, and oldest galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.1: Downsizing signature from galaxies selected from MgUV index
• A Cautionary Tale of LyC Escape Fraction Estimates from High Redshift Galaxies
• ALPINE: A Large Survey to Understand Teenage Galaxies
• Environment of the submillimeter-bright massive starburst HFLS3 at $z\sim$6.34
• Test of Cosmic Web-feeding Model for Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters in the COSMOS Field
• Identifying Lyα emitter candidates with Random Forest: learning from galaxies in CANDELS survey
• Automated reliability assessment for spectroscopic redshift measurements
• The Compilation and Validation of the Spectroscopic Redshift Catalogs for the DESI-COSMOS and DESI-XMMLSS Fields
• Assessing model-based carbon and oxygen abundance derivation from ultraviolet emission lines in AGNs
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Unveiling the baryon evolution in the ISM of $z\sim 5$ star-forming galaxies
• Gas properties as a function of environment in the proto-supercluster Hyperion at z ~ 2.45
• Searching for low-redshift faint galaxies with MMT/Hectospec
• Introducing cosmosTNG: simulating galaxy formation with constrained realizations of the COSMOS field
• LATIS: A Sample of IGM-selected Protoclusters and Protogroups at $z\sim 2.5$
• CLAP. I. Resolving miscalibration for deep learning-based galaxy photometric redshift estimation
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Deep Field Optical + Near-Infrared Images and Catalogue
• [CII] luminosity models and large-scale image cubes based on COSMOS 2020 and ALPINE-ALMA [CII] data back to the epoch of reionisation
• LATIS: Comparing Galaxy and IGM Tomography Maps as Tracers of Large-scale Structure and Protoclusters at $z\sim 2.5$
• The ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST survey: spatially resolved star formation relations at $z\sim 5$
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): First Data Release Covering The D10 (COSMOS) Region
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: The infrared-radio correlation and AGN fraction of star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 4.4-5.9
• Analogs of primeval galaxies two billion years after the Big Bang
• Enhanced AGN Activity in Overdense Galactic Environments at $2<z<4$
• The HST-Hyperion Survey: Companion Fraction and Overdensity in a z ~ 2.5 Proto-supercluster
• Exploring the X-ray-radio connection for AGN via measurements of the multi-dimensional luminosity function
• Discovery of new N-emitters over a wide redshift range
• Tracing ionized gas kinematics in Lyman-Break Analogs. Implications for star formation compactness and outflow properties
• LATIS Data Release: $\sim 4200$ Spectra of $z\sim 2-3$ Galaxies, Redshifts, and Intergalactic Medium Tomography Maps
• Photometric Redshift Estimation with Convolutional Neural Networks and Galaxy Images: A Case Study of Resolving Biases in Data-Driven Methods
• The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: Lyman Alpha Emission and Stellar Populations of Star-Forming Galaxies at 2<z<6
• A gradient boosting and broadband approach to finding Lyman-α emitting galaxies beyond narrowband surveys
• Clustering analysis of medium-band selected high-redshift galaxies
• High redshift galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey: II. strengthening the evidence of bright-end excess in UV luminosity functions at 2.5 <= z <= 4.5 by PDF analysis