The Swift/BAT Hard X-ray Transient Monitor

Abstract

The Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) hard X-ray transient monitor provides near real-time coverage of the X-ray sky in the energy range 15-50 keV. The BAT observes 88% of the sky each day with a detection sensitivity of 5.3 mCrab for a full-day observation and a time resolution as fine as 64 seconds. The three main purposes of the monitor are (1) the discovery of new transient X-ray sources, (2) the detection of outbursts or other changes in the flux of known X-ray sources, and (3) the generation of light curves of more than 900 sources spanning over eight years. The primary interface for the BAT transient monitor is a public web page. Between 2005 February 12 and 2013 April 30, 245 sources have been detected in the monitor, 146 of them persistent and 99 detected only in outburst. Among these sources, 17 were previously unknown and were discovered in the transient monitor. In this paper, we discuss the methodology and the data processing and filtering for the BAT transient monitor and review its sensitivity and exposure. We provide a summary of the source detections and classify them according to the variability of their light curves. Finally, we review all new BAT monitor discoveries; for the new sources that are previously unpublished, we present basic data analysis and interpretations.

Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 85 pages, 22 figures

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• Possible detection of a new cyclotron feature in 4U 1700-37
• Physical modeling of viscous disc evolution around magnetized neutron star. Aql X-1 2013 outburst decay
• Comprehensive Radio Monitoring of the Black Hole X-ray Binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 during its 2023$-$2024 Outburst
• Variable quiescent state for the neutron-star X-ray transient SAX J1750.8-2900: not such a hot neutron star after all?
• Understanding the giant gamma-ray outburst on June 16, 2015 from the blazar 3C 279
• Discovery of cyclotron and narrow Fe K${}_{\alpha }$ lines in HMXB GRO J1750-27
• Unexpected late-time temperature increase observed in two neutron star crust cooling sources -- XTE~J1701-462 and EXO~0748-676
• Imaging Analysis of the Hard X-ray Telescope ProtoEXIST2 and New Techniques for High Resolution Coded Aperture Telescopes
• Pulse Frequency Fluctuations of Persistent Accretion Powered Pulsars
• The Orbital Parameters of the Eclipsing High-Mass X-ray Binary Pulsar IGR J16493-4348 from Pulsar Timing
• The 100-month Swift catalogue of supergiant fast X-ray transients II. SFXT diagnostics from outburst properties
• Lens Flare: Magnified X-Ray Binaries as Passive Beacons in SETI
• The X-ray view of black-hole candidate Swift J1842.5-1124 during its 2008 outburst
• Astro-COLIBRI 2 -- an advanced platform for real-time multi-messenger discoveries
• Search for GeV and X-ray flares associated with the IceCube track-like neutrinos
• Multi-wavelength observations of the Be/X-ray binary IGR J01217-7257 (=SXP 2.16) during outburst
• A diverse, overlooked population of Type Ia supernovae exhibiting mid-infrared signatures of delayed circumstellar interaction
• An in-depth analysis of the variable cyclotron lines in GX 301$-$2
• Quiescent X-ray variability in the neutron star Be/X-ray transient GRO J1750-27
• The origin of long soft lags and the nature of the hard-intermediate state in black hole binaries
• Multi-wavelength study of the short term TeV flaring activity from the blazar Mrk 501 observed in June 2014
• Unusual Hard X-ray Flares Caught in NICER Monitoring of the Binary Supermassive Black Hole Candidate AT2019cuk/Tick Tock/SDSS J1430+2303
• Probing the multiwavelength emission scenario of GRB 190114C
• The environment of the wind-wind collision region of $\eta$ Carinae
• Search for high energy gamma-ray emission from tidal disruption events with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Evolution of MAXI J1631-479 during the January 2019 outburst observed by INTEGRAL/IBIS
• Development of Instruments for Space Exploration Using Meteorological-balloons
• Telescope Concepts in Gamma-Ray Astronomy
• Probing the Mysteries of the X-Ray Binary 4U 1210-64 with ASM, PCA, MAXI, BAT and Suzaku
• Spectral properties of the soft excess pulsar RX J0059.2-7138 during its 2013 outburst
• XRISM High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of Cygnus X-1 -- highly ionized Iron absorption structures
• Timing analysis of Swift J0243.6+6124 with NICER and Fermi/GBM during the decay phase of the 2017-2018 outburst
• Timing and Spectral Study of IGR J19294+1816 with RXTE: Discovery of Cyclotron Feature
• Monitoring Observations of SMC X-1's Excursions (MOOSE) I: Program Description and Initial High-State Spectral Results
• Discovery of an Extremely Intermittent Periodic Radio Source
• X-ray spectral and flux variability of the microquasar GRS 1758-258 on timescales from weeks to years
• Disk precession to explain the super-orbital modulation of LMC X-4: results from the Swift monitoring campaign
• Detection of X-ray pulsations at the lowest observed luminosity of Be/X-ray binary pulsar EXO 2030+375 with AstroSat
• The Multiwavelength Picture of GRB 221009A's Afterglow
• The energetic thermonuclear bursts in SAX J1712.6-3739
• The orbital period of Swift J1816.7-1613 revealed by the Swift-BAT telescope
• NuSTAR observation of GRO J1744-28 at low mass accretion rate
• The Evolution of the Orbital Light-curve of Hercules X-1 with 35-day Phase
• A gamma-ray periodic modulation in Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae
• Dust-scattering halo and giant hard X-ray flare from the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient IGR J16479-4514 investigated with XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL
• Evaluating the jet/accretion coupling of Aql X-1: probing the contribution of accretion flow spectral components
• Inferring Compton-thick AGN candidates at z>2 with Chandra using the >8 keV restframe spectral curvature
• Identification of an X-ray Pulsar in the BeXRB system IGR J18219$-$1347
• Monitoring observations of SMC X-1's excursions (MOOSE)-II: A new excursion accompanies spin-up acceleration
• The Long-term Monitoring Results of Insight-HXMT in the First 4 Yr Galactic Plane Scanning Survey
• Multiwavelength observation of 1A 0535+262=HD 245770 from 2010 to 2021
• Physical Models for the Clustering of Obscured and Unobscured Quasars
• Torque reversals and wind variations of X-ray pulsar Vela X-1
• Torque reversal and orbital profile of X-ray pulsar OAO 1657-415
• MeerKAT radio detection of the Galactic black hole candidate Swift J1842.5-1124 during its 2020 outburst
• Timing and Spectral Studies of the X-ray Pulsar 2S 1417$-$624 During the Outburst in 2021
• Radio Constraints on $r$-process Nucleosynthesis by Collapsars
• Hard X-ray emission in Centaurus A
• Swift unveils the orbital period of IGR J18214-1318
• Six-year Optical Monitoring of BL Lacertae Object 1ES 0806+52.4
• AstroSat observations of eclipsing high mass X-ray binary pulsar OAO 1657-415
• RXTE & Swift Observations of SWIFT J0513.4--6547
• Probing thermonuclear bursts and X-ray reflection features in Aql X-1 during 2024 outburst
• One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog
• Recurrent low-level luminosity behaviour after a giant outburst in the Be/X-ray transient 4U 0115+63
• Changes in the distribution of circum-binary material around the HMXB GX 301-2 during a rapid spin-up episode of the neutron star
• Cross-Observatory Coordination with tilepy: A Novel Tool for Observations of Multi-Messenger Transient Events
• Studying temporal variability of GRS1739-278 during the 2014 outburst
• Variability study of the High Mass X-ray Binary IGR J18027--2016 with {\it Swift}--XRT
• 20 years of disk winds in 4U 1630-47 -- I. Long-term behavior and influence of hard X-rays
• Stellar wind structures in the eclipsing binary system IGR J18027-2016
• A rare outburst from the stealthy BeXRB system Swift J0549.7-6812
• Detection of the thermonuclear X-ray bursts and dips from the X-ray binary 4U 1323-62 with AstroSat/LAXPC
• Blazars Jets and prospects for TeV-PeV neutrinos & gamma-rays through cosmic-ray interactions
• Multi-epoch X-ray spectral analysis of Centaurus A: revealing new constraints on iron emission line origins
• Unveiling the origin of the optical/UV emission from the Galactic ULX Swift J0243.6+6124 during its 2017-2018 giant outburst
• Detection of the microquasar V404 Cygni at gamma-rays revisited: short flaring events in quiescence
• Comparing X-ray color selection in separating X-ray binary classes using Color-Color-Intensity diagrams
• The failed state transition of the ATOLL source GRS 1724-308
• Automatic detection of long-duration transients in Fermi-GBM data
• The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO): prototype performance and prospects for transient science
• Investigation of the Outburst Activity of the Black Hole Candidate GRS 1739-278
• Swift/BAT and MAXI/GSC Broadband Transient Monitor
• Temporal and spectral study of the X-ray pulsar 2S 1553-542 during the 2021 outburst
• Results from AstroSat LAXPC Observations of Hercules X-1 (Her X-1)
• Swift/XRT monitoring of the orbital and superorbital modulations in 4U 1909+07
• A search for hard X-ray bursts occurring simultaneously to fast radio bursts in the repeating FRB 121102
• Thermonuclear Type-I X-ray Bursts and Burst Oscillations from the Eclipsing AMXP Swift J1749.4-2807
• Long-term spin-down and low luminosity regime in the Be/X-ray binary pulsar GX 304-1
• Expanding the Population of Short Gamma-Ray Transients with a Coherent Fermi/GBM Search. A 13-year catalog of short GRBs
• Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 across a state transition
• Exploring the accretion-ejection geometry of GRS 1915+105 in the obscured state with future X-ray spectro-polarimetry
• Detection of a cyclotron line in the Be X-ray pulsar IGR J06074$+$2205
• Drop in the hard pulsed fraction and a candidate cyclotron line in IGR J16320-4751 seen by NuSTAR
• Enhanced activity in close dual-AGN systems in the local Universe
• Broad-band spectral study of LMXB black hole candidate 4U 1957+11 with NuSTAR
• A new algorithm for detecting X-ray shots in Cyg X-1
• Effectiveness of Stacks in the Stacked Hilbert-Huang Transform
• Long-term study of the gamma-ray emission of Cygnus X-3 with MAGIC and Fermi-LAT
• Morphology of the Light Curves for the X-ray Novae H1743-322 and GX339-4 during their Outbursts in 2005-2019
• Super-critical accretion of BeXRB SXP 15.3
• NuSTAR and AstroSat observations of thermonuclear X-ray bursts with short-recurrence times in 4U 1636$-$536
• A multi-wavelength study of GRS 1716-249 in outburst : constraints on its system parameters
• A study of the accretion mechanisms of the High Mass X-ray Binary IGR J00370+6122
• Studies of Cepheus X-4 during 2018 outburst observed with AstroSat
• 4XMM J181330.1-175110: a new supergiant fast X-ray transient
• Using collimated CZTI as all sky X-ray detector based on Earth Occultation Technique
• The January 2010 flare of Mrk421: Insights from a stochastic acceleration model