Radio and X-ray monitoring of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J17591-2342 in outburst

Abstract

IGR J17591$-$2342 is a new accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar (AMXP) that was recently discovered in outburst in 2018. Early observations revealed that the source's radio emission is brighter than that of any other known neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (NS-LMXB) at comparable X-ray luminosity, and assuming its likely $\gtrsim 6$ kpc distance. It is comparably radio bright to black hole LMXBs at similar X-ray luminosities. In this work, we present the results of our extensive radio and X-ray monitoring campaign of the 2018 outburst of IGR J17591$-$2342. In total we collected 10 quasi-simultaneous radio (VLA, ATCA) and X-ray (Swift-XRT) observations, which make IGR J17591$-$2342 one of the best-sampled NS-LMXBs. We use these to fit a power-law correlation index $\beta =0.37_{-0.40}^{+0.42}$ between observed radio and X-ray luminosities ( $L_{\mathrm{R}}\propto L_{\mathrm{X}}^{\beta }$). However, our monitoring revealed a large scatter in IGR J17591$-$2342's radio luminosity (at a similar X-ray luminosity, $L_{\mathrm{X}}\sim 10^{36}$ erg s${}^{-1}$, and spectral state), with $L_{\mathrm{R}}\sim 4\times 10^{29}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ during the first three reported observations, and up to a factor of 4 lower $L_{\mathrm{R}}$ during later radio observations. Nonetheless, the average radio luminosity of IGR J17591$-$2342 is still one of the highest among NS-LMXBs, and we discuss possible reasons for the wide range of radio luminosities observed in such systems during outburst. We found no evidence for radio pulsations from IGR J17591$-$2342 in our Green Bank Telescope observations performed shortly after the source returned to quiescence. Nonetheless, we cannot rule out that IGR J17591$-$2342 becomes a radio millisecond pulsar during quiescence.

arXiv comment12 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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