Swings between rotation and accretion power in a millisecond binary pulsar

Abstract

It is thought that neutron stars in low-mass binary systems can accrete matter and angular momentum from the companion star and be spun-up to millisecond rotational periods. During the accretion stage, the system is called a low-mass X-ray binary, and bright X-ray emission is observed. When the rate of mass transfer decreases in the later evolutionary stages, these binaries host a radio millisecond pulsar whose emission is powered by the neutron star's rotating magnetic field. This evolutionary model is supported by the detection of millisecond X-ray pulsations from several accreting neutron stars and also by the evidence for a past accretion disc in a rotation-powered millisecond pulsar. It has been proposed that a rotation-powered pulsar may temporarily switch on during periods of low mass inflow in some such systems. Only indirect evidence for this transition has hitherto been observed. Here we report observations of accretion-powered, millisecond X-ray pulsations from a neutron star previously seen as a rotation-powered radio pulsar. Within a few days after a month-long X-ray outburst, radio pulses were again detected. This not only shows the evolutionary link between accretion and rotation-powered millisecond pulsars, but also that some systems can swing between the two states on very short timescales.

43 pages, 9 figures, 4 table. Published by Nature on 26 Sep 2013. Includes Supplementary information. Minor differences with published version may exist

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• Continuous gravitational waves from thermal mountains on accreting neutron stars: effect of the nuclear pasta phase
• Measuring accretion disc properties in the transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038 using XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, NICER and Chandra
• Swinging between rotation and accretion power in a binary millisecond pulsar
• Probing multi-band variability and mode switching in the candidate transitional millisecond pulsar 3FGL J1544.6-1125
• An apparent positive relation between spin and orbital angular momentum in X-ray binaries
• Radio pulse search from Aql X-1
• Reconstruction of spider system's observables from orbital period modulations via the Applegate mechanism
• PSR J0024$-$7204ai: a massive, eccentric binary system in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• Detection of giant pulses from the transitional millisecond pulsar J1227$-$4853
• Recurrent Instability in LMXB Accretion Disks: How Strange is GRS 1915+105?
• Searching for $\gamma$-ray Counterparts to Very Faint X-Ray Transient Neutron Star binaries
• The 2025 outburst of IGR J17511-3057: timing and spectral insights from NICER and NuSTAR
• Evidence for optical pulsations from a redback millisecond pulsar
• Time Domain Astronomy with the THESEUS Satellite
• The Completeness of Accreting Neutron Star Binary Candidates from the Chinese Space Station Telescope
• Huntsman may need to be irradiated
• High Energy Radiation from Spider Pulsars
• There and back again: Mysterious optical pulse profile behavior of the transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038
• Energy Loss of Newborn Magnetars by Schwinger Process
• A Falsifiable Timing Test for the Double-White-Dwarf Model of Long-Period Transients