Phase lags of quasi-periodic oscillations across source states in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53

Abstract

While there are many dynamical mechanisms and models that try to explain the origin and phenomenology of the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) seen in the X-ray light curves of low-mass X-ray binaries, few of them address how the radiative processes occurring in these extreme environments give rise to the rich set of variability features actually observed in these light curves. A step towards this end comes from the study of the energy and frequency dependence of the phase lags of these QPOs. Here we used a methodology that allowed us to study, for the first time, the dependence of the phase lags of all QPOs in the range of 1 Hz to 1300 Hz detected in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53 upon energy and frequency as the source changes its states as it moves through the colour-colour diagram. Our results suggest that within the context of models of up-scattering Comptonization, the phase lags dependencies upon frequency and energy can be used to extract size scales and physical conditions of the medium that produces the lags.

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• A Systematic Spectral-Timing Analysis of Kilohertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Archive
• High-frequency variability in neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries
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• Are the kHz QPO lags in neutron star 4U 1608-52 due to reverberation?
• Relation between the properties of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations and spectral parameters in 4U 1636$-$53
• The amplitude of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in 4U 1636$-$53 in the frequency-energy space
• Mass and spin measurements for the neutron star 4U1608-52 through the relativistic precession model
• Spectral-Timing Analysis of the Lower kHz QPO in the Low-Mass X-ray Binary Aquila X-1
• Kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in neutron-star X-ray binaries: Flattening of the lag spectrum with increasing luminosity
• Modeling the upper kHz QPOs of 4U 1728-34 with X-ray reverberation
• Lags of the KiloHertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the transient source XTE J1701$-$462