Seeing the light : experimental signatures of emergent electromagnetism in a quantum spin ice

Abstract

The "spin ice" state found in the rare earth pyrochlore magnets Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7 offers a beautiful realisation of classical magnetostatics, complete with magnetic monopole excitations. It has been suggested that in "quantum spin ice" materials, quantum-mechanical tunnelling between different ice configurations could convert the magnetostatics of spin ice into a quantum spin liquid which realises a fully dynamical, lattice-analogue of quantum electromagnetism. Here we explore how such a state might manifest itself in experiment, within the minimal microscopic model of a such a quantum spin ice. We develop a lattice field theory for this model, and use this to make explicit predictions for the dynamical structure factor which would be observed in neutron scattering experiments on a quantum spin ice. We find that "pinch points", seen in quasi-elastic scattering, which are the signal feature of a classical spin ice, fade away as a quantum ice is cooled to its zero-temperature ground state. We also make explicit predictions for the ghostly, linearly dispersing magnetic excitations which are the "photons" of this emergent electromagnetism. The predictions of this field theory are shown to be in quantitative agreement with Quantum Monte Carlo simulations at zero temperature.

26 pages, 18 figures, minor revisions

References in corpus (20)

• Pyrochlore Photons: The U(1) Spin Liquid in a S=1/2 Three-Dimensional Frustrated Magnet
• Dirac Strings and Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice Dy2Ti2O7
• Coulombic Quantum Liquids in Spin-1/2 Pyrochlores
• Dynamically-Induced Frustration as a Route to a Quantum Spin Ice State in Tb2Ti2O7 via Virtual Crystal Field Excitations and Quantum Many-Body Effects
• Why spin ice obeys the ice rules
• Three dimensional resonating valence bond liquids and their excitations
• Observation of Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
• Unusual liquid state of hard-core bosons on the pyrochlore lattice
• Rods of Neutron Scattering Intensity in Yb2Ti2O7: Compelling Evidence for Significant Anisotropic Exchange in a Magnetic Pyrochlore Oxide
• Structural distortion and the spin liquid state in Tb2Ti2O7
• Magnetization process of spin ice in a [111] magnetic field
• Cyclic exchange, isolated states and spinon deconfinement in an XXZ Heisenberg model on the checkerboard lattice
• Structural Fluctuations in the Spin Liquid State of Tb2Ti2O7
• Understanding Paramagnetic Spin Correlations in the Spin-Liquid Pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7
• Quantum strings in quantum spin ice
• Proposal for a [111] Magnetization Plateau in the Spin Liquid State of Tb2Ti2O7
• Correlated Fermions on a Checkerboard Lattice
• Resonating plaquette phase of a quantum six-vertex model
• Doped Singlet-Pair Crystal in the Hubbard model on the checkerboard lattice
• Fermionic quantum dimer and fully-packed loop models on the square lattice

Cited by in corpus (183)

• Quantum Spin Liquids
• Quantum Spin Ice: A Search for Gapless Quantum Spin Liquids in Pyrochlore Magnets
• Experimental signatures of a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid in effective spin-1/2 Ce2Zr2O7 pyrochlore
• Magnetic-Moment Fragmentation and Monopole Crystallization
• Lightly stuffed pyrochlore structure of single-crystalline Yb2Ti2O7 grown by the optical floating zone technique
• Quantum Spin Ice Dynamics in the Dipole-Octupole Pyrochlore Magnet Ce${}_2$Zr${}_2$O${}_7$
• Theory of multiple--phase competition in pyrochlore magnets with anisotropic exchange, with application to Yb2Ti2O7, Er2Ti2O7 and Er2Sn2O7
• Living on the edge : ground-state selection in quantum spin-ice pyrochlores
• Duality between $(2+1)d$ Quantum Critical Points
• Candidate Quantum Spin Liquid in the Ce\textsuperscript{3+} Pyrochlore Stannate Ce${}_2$Sn${}_2$O${}_7$
• A quantum liquid of magnetic octupoles on the pyrochlore lattice
• Magnetoelastic excitations in the pyrochlore spin liquid Tb${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
• Evidence for a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid in PbCuTe${}_2$O${}_6$
• Half-filled Landau level, topological insulator surfaces, and three dimensional quantum spin liquids
• Experimental signatures of emergent quantum electrodynamics in Pr${}_2$Hf${}_2$O${}_7$
• Symmetry Enriched U(1) Topological Orders for Dipole-Octupole Doublets on a Pyrochlore Lattice
• Quantum and Classical Phases of the Pyrochlore Heisenberg Model with Competing Interactions
• Experimental Insights into Ground State Selection of Quantum XY Pyrochlores
• Magnetic Frustration in Lead Pyrochlores
• Numerical evidence of quantum melting of spin ice: quantum-classical crossover
• Rank-2 $U(1)$ spin liquid on the breathing pyrochlore lattice
• Dynamical structure factor of the three-dimensional quantum spin liquid candidate NaCaNi${}_2$F${}_7$
• The Spinon Fermi Surface U(1) Spin Liquid in a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Triangular Lattice Mott Insulator YbMgGaO4
• An anisotropic local modification of crystal field levels in Pr-based pyrochlores: a muon-induced effect modelled using density functional theory
• Brownian Motion and Quantum Dynamics of Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
• A spin liquid with pinch-line singularities on the pyrochlore lattice
• Thermal conductivity of quantum magnetic monopoles in the frustrated pyrochlore Yb2Ti2O7
• The case for a U(1)${}_{\pi }$ Quantum Spin Liquid Ground State in the Dipole-Octupole Pyrochlore Ce${}_2$Zr${}_2$O${}_7$
• Candidate quantum spin ice in the pyrochlore Pr${}_2$Hf${}_2$O${}_7$
• Competing spin liquids and hidden nematic order in spin ice with frustrated transverse exchange
• Crystal field states in a Quantum Spin Ice]{Crystal field states of Pr${}^{3+}$ in the candidate quantum spin ice Pr${}_2$Sn${}_2$O${}_7$
• Antiferro-quadrupolar correlations in the quantum spin ice candidate Pr2Zr2O7
• Dynamics of Topological Excitations in a Model Quantum Spin Ice
• The quantum origins of moment fragmentation in Nd2Zr2O7
• Coulomb spin liquid in anion-disordered pyrochlore Tb${}_2$Hf${}_2$O${}_7$
• Bosonic Many-body Theory of Quantum Spin Ice
• Magnetic monopole condensation in pyrochlore ice quantum spin liquid: application to Pr2Ir2O7 and Yb2Ti2O7
• Spin Liquid Regimes at Nonzero Temperature in Quantum Spin Ice
• Sleuthing out exotic quantum spin liquidity in the pyrochlore magnet Ce${}_2$Zr${}_2$O${}_7$
• Low Energy Electrodynamics of Novel Spin Excitations in the Quantum Spin Ice Yb${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
• Spin liquid correlations, anisotropic exchange and symmetry breaking in Tb2Ti2O7
• Thermodynamic properties of the Yb2Ti2O7 pyrochlore as a function of temperature and magnetic field: validation of a quantum spin ice exchange Hamiltonian
• Spin wave spectrum of the quantum ferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice Lu2V2O7
• Quadrupole Order in the Frustrated Pyrochlore Tb${}_{2+x}$Ti${}_{2-x}$O${}_{7+y}$
• Experimental signatures of quantum and topological states in frustrated magnetism
• Spin-state ice in geometrically frustrated spin-crossover materials
• Quantum spin ice with frustrated transverse exchange: from pi-flux phase to nematic quantum spin liquid
• Quantum spin ice on the breathing pyrochlore lattice
• Topological Sector Fluctuations and Curie Law Crossover in Spin Ice
• New physics in frustrated magnets: Spin ices, monopoles, etc
• The Spectral Periodicity of Spinon Continuum in Quantum Spin Ice
• Dirac's "magnetic monopole" in pyrochlore ice U(1) spin liquids: Spectrum and classification
• Exact emergent higher-form symmetries in bosonic lattice models
• The Emergent Fine Structure Constant of Quantum Spin Ice Is Large
• Of chain-based order and quantum spin liquids in dipolar spin ice
• Magic in generalized Rokhsar-Kivelson wavefunctions
• Instabilities of a U(1) quantum spin liquid in disordered non-Kramers pyrochlores
• Pyrochlore U(1) spin liquid of mixed symmetry enrichments in magnetic fields
• Dimerization tendencies of the pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet: A functional renormalization group perspective
• Ground state phase diagram of dipolar-octupolar pyrochlores
• Coulomb phase diagnostics as function of temperature, interaction range and disorder
• Quantum effects on unconventional pinch point singularities
• Classical and quantum theories of proton disorder in hexagonal water ice
• Distinguishing dipolar and octupolar quantum spin ices using contrasting magnetostriction signatures
• Quantum versus Classical Spin Fragmentation in Dipolar Kagome Ice Ho3Mg2Sb3O14
• Order out of a Coulomb phase and Higgs transtion: frustrated transverse interactions of Nd2Zr2O7
• Crystal Shape-Dependent Magnetic Susceptibility and Curie Law Crossover in the Spin Ices Dy2Ti2O7 and Ho2Ti2O7
• A Proposal to Use Neutron Scattering to Measure Scalar Spin Chirality Fluctuations in Kagome Lattices
• Temperature and Magnetic Field Dependence of Spin Ice Correlations in the Pyrochlore Magnet Tb2Ti2O7
• Ground state selection under pressure in the quantum pyrochlore magnet Yb2Ti2O7
• Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquids
• Order-by-disorder and quantum Coulomb phase in quantum square ice
• Half moons are pinch points with dispersion
• Competing phases and topological excitations of spin-one pyrochlore antiferromagnets
• Magnetic field effects in an octupolar quantum spin liquid candidate
• Quantum Electrodynamics in 2+1 Dimensions as the Organizing Principle of a Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet
• Spin Ice Thin Film: Surface Ordering, Partial Magnetic Wetting and Emergent Square Ice
• Theory of Ca${}_{10}$Cr${}_7$O${}_{28}$ as a bilayer breathing-kagome magnet: Classical thermodynamics and semi-classical dynamics
• Double Vibronic process in the quantum spin ice candidate Tb${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$ revealed by terahertz spectroscopy
• How many spin liquids are there in Ca${}_{10}$Cr${}_7$O${}_{28}$?
• Fractionalized charge excitations in a spin liquid on partially-filled pyrochlore lattice
• Sample independence of magnetoelastic excitations in the rare earth pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7
• Uncovering footprints of dipolar-octupolar quantum spin ice from neutron scattering signatures
• Interplay of charge and spin fluctuations of strongly interacting electrons on the kagome lattice
• Coulomb liquid phases of bosonic cluster Mott insulators on a pyrochlore lattice
• Discovery of Emergent Photon and Monopoles in a Quantum Spin Liquid
• Symmetry fractionalization in the gauge mean-field theory of quantum spin ice
• Spin dynamics and unconventional Coulomb phase in Nd${}_2$Zr${}_2$O${}_7$
• Generalised Longitudinal Susceptibility for Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
• Composite spin and quadrupole wave in the ordered phase of Tb${}_{2+x}$Ti${}_{2-x}$O${}_{7+y}$
• Lattice T-duality from non-invertible symmetries in quantum spin chains
• Monopole holes in a partially ordered spin liquid
• Acoustic signatures of the phases and phase transitions in Yb${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
• Hydrogenic states of monopoles in diluted quantum spin ice
• Spinon walk in quantum spin ice
• Quantum Spin Ice Response to a Magnetic Field in the Dipole-Octupole Pyrochlore Ce${}_2$Zr${}_2$O${}_7$
• Spectroscopic signatures of fractionalization in octupolar quantum spin ice
• Single crystal growth, structure and magnetic properties of Pr2Hf2O7 pyrochlore
• Evidence for the Confinement of Magnetic Monopoles in Quantum Spin Ice
• Crystal-electric-field excitations in a quantum-spin-liquid candidate NaErS${}_2$
• The multiple symmetry sustaining phase transitions of spin ice
• Vortex patterns of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in a density-dependent gauge potential
• Higher-form Symmetries under Weak Measurement
• Fingerprints of quantum spin ice in Raman scattering
• Topological Superconductivity in Metal/Quantum-Spin-Ice Heterostructures
• Spectroscopy of spinons in Coulomb quantum spin liquids
• Topological thermal Hall effect of "magnetic monopoles" in pyrochlore U(1) spin liquid
• Extended Coulomb liquid of paired hardcore boson model on a pyrochlore lattice
• Free coherent spinons in quantum square ice
• Semi-classical Approach to Quantum Spin Ice
• Effective point-charge analysis of crystal electric fields -- application to rare-earth pyrochlores and tripod kagome magnets R3Mg2Sb3O14
• Electric field control of emergent electrodynamics in quantum spin ice
• Probing Flat Band Physics in Spin Ice Systems via Polarized Neutron Scattering
• Ferromagnetic Coulomb phase in classical spin ice
• Seeing beyond the light: Vison and photon electrodynamics in quantum spin ice
• Deviation from the dipole-ice model in the new spinel spin-ice candidate, MgEr${}_2$Se${}_4$
• Epitaxial stabilization of (111)-oriented frustrated quantum pyrochlore thin films
• Spectroscopic fingerprints of gapless type-II fracton phases
• Temperature flow in pseudo-Majorana functional renormalization for quantum spins
• Crystal field excitations from $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}$ ions at defective sites in highly stuffed $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}_2\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$
• $\mu$SR Study of the Dipole-Octupole Quantum Spin Ice Candidate Ce${}_2$Zr${}_2$O${}_7$
• Magnetic structure of a new quantum magnet SrCuTe${}_2$O${}_6$
• Emergent photons and fractionalized excitations in a quantum spin liquid
• Peering into the darkness: vison-generated photon mass in quantum spin ice
• Multi-scale Quantum Criticality driven by Kondo-lattice Coupling in Pyrochlore Systems
• Field-Induced Ordering in Dipolar Spin Ice
• A pseudofermion functional renormalization group study of dipolar-octupolar pyrochlore magnets
• Ultrasound detection of emergent photons in generic quantum spin ice
• Dynamical Signatures of Rank-2 $U(1)$ Spin Liquids
• Finite Temperature Dynamics in 0-Flux and $\pi$-Flux Quantum Spin Ice: Self-Consistent Exclusive Boson Approach
• Screening and the Pinch Point Paradox in Spin Ice
• Crystal growth, characterization and phase transition of PbCuTe${}_2$O${}_6$
• Hybrid Dyons, inverted Lorentz force and magnetic Nernst effect in quantum spin ice
• Dynamical Axions in $U(1)$ Quantum Spin Liquids
• Phenomenological approach to hyperkagome spin liquid: gauge fields and spinons without slave particles
• Dipolar-octupolar correlations and hierarchy of exchange interactions in Ce${}_2$Hf${}_2$O${}_7$
• Higher-Rank Spin Liquids and Spin Nematics from Competing Orders in Pyrochlore Magnets
• Tunable critical correlations in kagome ice
• Hidden phases born of a quantum spin liquid: Application to pyrochlore spin ice
• Long-wavelength correlations in ferromagnetic titanate pyrochlores as revealed by small angle neutron scattering
• Classical ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ spin liquid on the generalized four-color Kitaev model
• Two-Peak Heat Capacity Accounts for $R\ln (2)$ Entropy and Ground State Access in the Dipole-Octupole Pyrochlore Ce${}_2$Hf${}_2$O${}_7$
• Traversing the pyrochlore stability diagram; microwave-assisted synthesis and discovery of mixed B-site Ln${}_2$InSbO${}_7$ family
• Probing emergent QED in quantum spin ice via Raman scattering of phonons: shallow inelastic scattering and pair production
• Quantum effects on pyrochlore higher-rank U(1) spin liquids: Pinch-line singularities, spin nematics, and connections to oxide materials
• Dimensional change of quadrupole orders in pseudospin-$\frac{1}{2}$ pyrochlore magnets under [111] field
• Signatures of spinon dynamics and phase structure of dipolar-octupolar quantum spin ices in two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy
• 2-Form U(1) Spin Liquids: Classical Model and Quantum Aspects
• Revisiting spin ice physics in the ferromagnetic Ising pyrochlore Pr${}_2$Sn${}_2$O${}_7$
• Vison crystal in quantum spin ice on the breathing pyrochlore lattice
• Single Crystal Diffuse Neutron Scattering Study of the Dipole-Octupole Quantum Spin Ice Candidate Ce${}_2$Zr${}_2$O${}_7$: No Apparent Octupolar Correlations Above $T=0.05$ K
• Spin-lattice Coupling in U(1) Quantum Spin Liquids
• Human-machine collaboration: ordering mechanism of rank-2 spin liquid on breathing pyrochlore lattice
• Interplay of uniform U(1) quantum spin liquid and magnetic phases in rare earth pyrochlore magnets : a fermionic parton approach
• Field-temperature phase diagram of the enigmatic Nd${}_2$(Zr${}_{1-x}$Ti${}_x$)${}_2$O${}_7$ pyrochlore magnets
• Classical spin models of the windmill lattice and their relevance for PbCuTe${}_2$O${}_6$
• Pinch points and half-moons in dipolar-octupolar Nd${}_2$Hf${}_2$O${}_7$
• Neutron scattering from fragmented frustrated magnets
• Inelastic neutron scattering on Ce pyrochlores: Signatures of electric monopoles
• Crystalline phases at finite winding densities in a quantum link ladder
• Electric Field Response In Breathing Pyrochlores
• Magnetic Field Response of Dipolar-Octupolar Quantum Spin Ice
• Exact diagonalization for spin-1/2 spin ice pyrochlores
• Room temperature spin-ice physics in cadmium cyanide
• Classical fracton spin liquid and Hilbert space fragmentation in a 2D spin-$1/2$ model
• Photon Polarization Precession Spectroscopy for High-Resolution Studies of Spinwaves
• Crystalline phases and devil's staircase in qubit spin ice
• Quantum Spin Liquids in Pyrochlore Magnets With Non-Kramers Local Moments
• Coupling quantum spin ice to matter on the centered pyrochlore lattice
• Detecting symmetry fractionalization in gapped quantum spin liquids by magnetic impurities
• Quantum Spin Liquids Stabilized by Disorder in Non-Kramers Pyrochlores
• Theta electromagnetism in quantum spin ice: Microscopic analysis of improper symmetries
• Influence of controlled disorder on the dipolar spin ice state of Ho-based pyrochlores
• Geometric fragmentation and anomalous thermalization in cubic dimer model
• Classification and correlation signatures of chiral spin liquids on the pyrochlore lattice
• Unveiling the Fifth State of Matter: Insights into Ultra-Hot Plasma and its Applications
• Disorder-induced proximate quantum spin ice phase in Pr2Sn2O7
• Unconventional Spin Dynamics and Supersolid Excitations in the Triangular-Lattice XXZ Model
• Towards a global phase diagram of Ce-based dipolar-octupolar pyrochlore magnets under magnetic fields
• Ground state many-body quantum entanglement of frustrated transverse field models on square lattice
• Flux fractionalization transition in anisotropic $S=1$ antiferromagnets and dimer-loop models
• Mapping the Phase Diagram of a Frustrated Magnet: Degeneracies, Flat Bands, and Canting Cycles on the Pyrochlore Lattice
• Hearing the light: stray-field noise from the emergent photon in quantum spin ice