Vortex patterns of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in a density-dependent gauge potential

Abstract

We theoretically examine the vortex states of a gas of trapped quasi-two-dimensional ultracold bosons subject to a density-dependent gauge potential, realizing an effective nonlinear rotation of the atomic condensate, which we also show is within the reach of current experimental techniques with ultracold atom experiments. The nonlinear rotation has a two-fold effect; as well as distorting the shape of the condensate it also leads to an inhomogeneous vorticity resulting in novel morphological and topological states, including ring vortex arrangements that do not follow the standard Abrikosov result. The dynamics of trapped vortices are also explored, which differs from the case of rigid-body rotation due to the absence of a global laboratory reference frame.

7 pages, 4 figures

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• Synthetic Flux Attachment
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• Chaotic dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate in a density-dependent gauge field
• Vortex nucleation in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates with density-dependent gauge potential
• Few-to-many vortex states of density-angular-momentum coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
• Hidden vortices and Feynman rule in Bose-Einstein condensates with density-dependent gauge potential
• Excitation spectrum of vortex-lattice modes in a rotating condensate with a density-dependent gauge potential