Vison crystal in quantum spin ice on the breathing pyrochlore lattice

Abstract

Recent excitement in the quantum spin ice community has come from the experimental discovery of pseudospin-$1/2$ breathing pyrochlores, including Ba${}_3$Yb${}_2$Zn${}_5$O${}_{11}$, in which inversion symmetry is broken by the `up' and `down' tetrahedra taking different physical sizes. We show here that the often-neglected $J_{z\pm }$ coupling between Kramers ions, in combination with the breathing nature of the lattice, can produce an imaginary ring flip term. This can lead to an unconventional '$U(1{)}_{\pi /2}$ phase', corresponding to a maximally dense packing of visons on the lattice. Coherent dynamics persists in all phases, together with its emergent QED description, in a manner reminiscent of fragmentation in spinon crystals. We characterize the enlarged QSI phase diagram and its excitations, showing that the imaginary ring flip acts both as a chemical potential for visons and as an effective three-photon vertex akin to strong light-matter coupling. The novel coupling causes a structured high-energy continuum to emerge above the photon dispersion, which is naturally interpreted as three photon up-conversion in a nonlinear optical crystal.

arXiv comment26 pages, 21 figures

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Competing Gauge Fields and Entropically-Driven Spin Liquid to Spin Liquid Transition in non-Kramers Pyrochlores
• Coupling quantum spin ice to matter on the centered pyrochlore lattice
• Theta electromagnetism in quantum spin ice: Microscopic analysis of improper symmetries
• Anisotropic Spin Ice on a Breathing Pyrochlore Lattice