Magnetic Charge Transport

Abstract

It has recently been predicted that certain magnetic materials contain mobile magnetic charges or `monopoles'. Here we address the question of whether these magnetic charges and their associated currents (`magnetricity') can be directly measured in experiment, without recourse to any material-specific theory. By mapping the problem onto Onsager's theory of weak electrolytes, we show that this is possible, and devise an appropriate method. Then, using muon spin rotation as a convenient local probe, we apply the method to a real material: the spin ice Dy2Ti2O7. Our experimental measurements prove that magnetic charges exist in this material, interact via a Coulomb interaction, and have measurable currents. We further characterise deviations from Ohm's Law, and determine the elementary unit of magnetic charge to be 5 muB per Angstrom, which is equal to that predicted by Castelnovo, Moessner and Sondhi using the microscopic theory of spin ice. Our demonstration of magnetic charge transport has both conceptual and technological implications.

19 pages 5 figures

References in corpus (4)

• Artificial "spin ice" in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands
• Pyrochlore Photons: The U(1) Spin Liquid in a S=1/2 Three-Dimensional Frustrated Magnet
• Dirac Strings and Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice Dy2Ti2O7
• Low Temperature Spin Freezing in Dy2Ti2O7 Spin Ice

Cited by in corpus (148)

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• Spin Ice, Fractionalization and Topological Order
• Seeing the light : experimental signatures of emergent electromagnetism in a quantum spin ice
• Orbital effects in solids: basics, recent progress and opportunities
• $\mu$SR evidence for the U(1) quantum spin liquid ground state in the triangular antiferromagnet YbMgGaO${}_4$
• Electromagnetic duality symmetry and helicity conservation for the macroscopic Maxwell's equations (previously "Experimental demonstration of electromagnetic duality symmetry breaking")
• Effects of frustration on magnetic molecules: a survey from Olivier Kahn till today
• Quantum Ice : a quantum Monte Carlo study
• Half-solitons in a polariton quantum fluid behave like magnetic monopoles
• Witten effect in a crystalline topological insulator
• Kondo Metal and Ferrimagnetic Insulator on the Triangular Kagomé Lattice
• Magnetic Monopole Dynamics in Spin Ice
• Debye-Hückel theory for spin ice at low temperature
• Dynamics of magnetic charges in artificial spin ice
• Nanoscale imaging of equilibrium quantum Hall edge currents and of the magnetic monopole response in graphene
• Conditions for free magnetic monopoles in nanoscale square arrays of dipolar spin ice
• Z_2-vortex lattice in the ground state of the triangular Kitaev-Heisenberg model
• Charge frustration in a triangular triple quantum dot
• Thermal quenches in spin ice
• Onsager's Wien Effect on a Lattice
• Reducing Disorder in Artificial Kagome Ice
• Spin Dynamics at Very Low Temperature in Spin Ice Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
• Quantum Magnetism in Minerals
• Brownian Motion and Quantum Dynamics of Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
• Observation of long range magnetic ordering in pyrohafnate Nd2Hf2O7: A neutron diffraction study
• Controllable chirality-induced geometrical Hall effect in a frustrated highly-correlated metal
• Magnetic Monopole Noise
• Spin Ice: Magnetic Excitations without Monopole Signatures using Muon Spin Rotation
• Dynamics of the Magnetic Susceptibility Deep in the Coulomb Phase of the Dipolar Spin Ice Material Ho2Ti2O7
• Stable magnetic monopoles in spinor polariton condensates
• Antiferromagnetic Spin Ice Correlations at (1/2,1/2,1/2) in the Ground State of the Pyrochlore Magnet Tb2Ti2O7
• Far from equilibrium monopole dynamics in spin ice
• Anisotropic hysteretic Hall-effect and magnetic control of chiral domains in the chiral spin states of Pr${}_2$Ir${}_2$O${}_7$
• Spin wave spectrum of the quantum ferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice Lu2V2O7
• Experimental signatures of quantum and topological states in frustrated magnetism
• Thermodynamics of elementary excitations in artificial magnetic square ice
• Dynamics of artificial spin ice: continuous honeycomb network
• Field Dependence of Magnetic Disorder in Nanoparticles
• Physical properties of a candidate quantum spin-ice system Pr2Hf2O7
• From confinement to deconfinement of magnetic monopoles in artificial rectangular spin ices
• Kinetically Inhibited Order in a Diamond-Lattice Antiferromagnet
• Peculiar long-range superexchange in Cu2A2O7 (A = P, As, V) as a key element of the microscopic magnetic model
• Single-ion anisotropy and magnetic field response in spin ice materials Ho${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$ and Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
• Hysteresis and Return Point Memory in Artificial Spin Ice Systems
• New physics in frustrated magnets: Spin ices, monopoles, etc
• Fractional topological phases in three-dimensional coupled-wire systems
• Statics and dynamics of the highly correlated spin ice Ho2Ge2O7
• Extending spin ice concepts to another geometry: the artificial triangular spin ice
• Fragmentation in Frustrated Magnets -- A review
• Monopoles, magnetricity and the stray field from spin ice
• Experimental signature of the attractive Coulomb force between positive and negative magnetic monopoles in spin ice
• Defect Dynamics in Artificial Colloidal Ice: Real-Time Observation, Manipulation and Logic Gate
• Correlated Quantum Tunnelling of Monopoles in Spin Ice
• Toward the computational prediction of muon sites and interaction parameters
• Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of the Spin-Ice Compound Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$: Experimental Evidence for Monopole Heat Transport
• {\it Ab initio} studies of spin-spiral waves and exchange interactions in 3{\it d} transition metal atomic chains
• Spin ice on the trillium lattice studied by Monte Carlo calculations
• Magnetic monopoles and unusual transport effects in magnetoelectrics
• Magnetic Monopoles in Field Theory and Cosmology
• Electric Charges and Magnetic Monopoles in Gravity's Rainbow
• Dirac quantisation condition: a comprehensive review
• AC Wien effect in spin ice, manifest in non-linear non-equilibrium susceptibility
• Thermally and field-driven mobility of emergent magnetic charges in square artificial spin ice
• Magnetic correlations in spin ice Ho2-xYxTi2O7 as revealed by neutron polarization analysis
• Angular Dependent Magnetization Dynamics of Kagome Artificial Spin Ice Incorporating Topological Defects
• Investigations of the effect of nonmagnetic Ca substitution for magnetic Dy on spin-freezing in Dy2Ti2O7
• Melting of Spin Ice state through structural disorder in Dy2Zr2O7
• A field trip through spin ice
• Muon spin relaxation and inelastic neutron scattering investigations of all-in/all-out antiferromagnet Nd2Hf2O7
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• Generalised Longitudinal Susceptibility for Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
• Monopole holes in a partially ordered spin liquid
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• Field-Induced Magnetic Monopole Plasma in Artificial Spin Ice
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• Intrinsic and extrinsic nonstationary field-driven processes in the spin-ice compound Dy2Ti2O7
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• First-principles insights into f magnetism, a case study on some magnetic pyrochlores
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• Frustration induced highly anisotropic magnetic patterns in classical $XY$ model on kagome lattice
• Dipolar Spin Ice Under Uniaxial Pressure
• T-duality simplifies bulk-boundary correspondence: the noncommutative case
• Experimental observation of magnetoelectricity in spin ice Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
• Coulombic Charge Ice
• Electric field control of emergent electrodynamics in quantum spin ice
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• Possible Quantum Diffusion of Polaronic Muons in Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$ Spin Ice
• Heat transport of the spin-ice materials Ho${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$ and Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
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• Emergent order in the spin-frustrated system DyxTb2-xTi2O7 studied by ac susceptibility measurements
• Fragmented spin ice and multi-$k$ ordering in rare-earth antiperovskites
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• Epitaxial stabilization of (111)-oriented frustrated quantum pyrochlore thin films
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• Deconstructing Magnetization Noise: Degeneracies, Phases, and Mobile Fractionalized Excitations in Tetris Artificial Spin Ice
• Dynamic susceptibility of a spin ice near the critical point
• Interplay of uniform U(1) quantum spin liquid and magnetic phases in rare earth pyrochlore magnets : a fermionic parton approach
• Geometrically Constrained Localized Configurations: First-Order Framework and Analytical Solutions
• Anomalous out-of-equilibrium dynamics in the spin-ice material Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$ under moderate magnetic fields
• Persistent dynamic magnetic state in artificial honeycomb spin ice
• Hysteresis and Relaxation Effects in the Spin-Ice Compound Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$ studied by Heat Transport
• Nonclassical polarization dynamics in classical-like states
• On the Interaction of Electrons, Magnetic Monopoles, and Photons
• Frustration and chirality in three-dimensional trillium lattices: Insights and Perspectives
• Spin and quadrupole correlations by three-spin interaction in the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Tb${}_{2+x}$Ti${}_{2-x}$O${}_{7+y}$
• Topological Aspects of Antiferromagnets
• Magnetic charge's relaxation propelled electricity in two-dimensional magnetic honeycomb lattice
• Quantum simulation of Abelian Wu-Yang monopoles in spin-1/2 systems
• Inductance Due to Spin Current
• How physics got its right hand: The origins of chiral conventions in electromagnetism
• Synthetic half-integer magnetic monopole and single-vortex dynamics in spherical Bose-Einstein condensates
• Emergent electrostatics in planar XY spin models: the bridge connecting topological order with broken $U(1)$ symmetry
• Random Transverse Field Effects on Magnetic Noise in Spin Systems
• Phase Transition and Monopoles Densities in a Nearest Neighbors Two-Dimensional Spin Ice Model
• Thin films of the spin ice compound Ho2Ti2O7
• Dynamical Generation of Spin Current and Phase Slip in Exciton-Polariton Condensates
• Small-Network Approximations for Geometrically Frustrated Ising Systems
• Fluidic Endogenous Magnetism and Magnetic Monopole Clues from Liquid Metal Droplet Machine