Dynamical Signatures of Rank-2 $U(1)$ Spin Liquids

Abstract

Emergent $U(1)$ gauge theories and artificial photons in frustrated magnets are outstanding examples of many-body collective phenomena. The classical and quantum regimes of these systems provide platforms for classical and quantum spin liquids, and are the subject of current active theoretical and experimental investigations. Recently, realizations of rank-2 $U(1)$ (R2-U1) gauge theories in three-dimensional frustrated magnets have been proposed. Such systems in the quantum regime may lead to the so-called fracton ordered phases -- a new class of topological order that has been associated with quantum stabilizer codes and holography. However, there exist few distinguishing characteristics of these states for their detection in real materials. Here we focus on the classical limit, and present the dynamical spin structure factor for a R2-U1 spin liquid state on a breathing pyrochlore lattice. Remarkably, we find unique signatures of the R2-U1 state, and we contrast them with the results obtained from a more conventional $U(1)$ spin liquid. These results provide a new path of investigation for future inelastic neutron scattering experiments on candidate materials.

6+3 pages, 4+3 figures

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Position-Dependent Excitations and UV/IR Mixing in the ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ Rank-2 Toric Code and its Low-Energy Effective Field Theory
• Symmetry fractionalization in the gauge mean-field theory of quantum spin ice
• Competing quantum spin liquids, gauge fluctuations, and anisotropic interactions in a breathing pyrochlore lattice
• Fractonic self-duality and covariant magnetic fractons
• Human-machine collaboration: ordering mechanism of rank-2 spin liquid on breathing pyrochlore lattice