Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter and collisions of neutron-rich nuclei

Abstract

The ratio of pre-equilibrium neutrons to protons from collisions of neutron-rich nuclei is studied as a function of their kinetic energies. This ratio is found to be sensitive to the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy, but is independent of the compressibility of symmetric nuclear matter and the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections. The experimental measurement of this ratio thus provides a novel means for determining the nuclear equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter.

11 pages + 3 postscript figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. (1997) in press

References in corpus (1)

• Isospin dependence of collective flow in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Cited by in corpus (159)

• Recent Progress and New Challenges in Isospin Physics with Heavy-Ion Reactions
• Reaction Dynamics with Exotic Beams
• Constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy
• Determination of the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy from isospin diffusion
• The Skyrme Interaction in finite nuclei and nuclear matter
• Isotopic Scaling in Nuclear Reactions
• Nuclear matter symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei
• Symmetry Energy II: Isobaric Analog States
• Probing the High Density Behaviour of Nuclear Symmetry Energy with High Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
• The Nuclear Symmetry Energy
• Momentum dependence of symmetry potential in asymmetric nuclear matter for transport model calculations
• Density dependence of the symmetry energy and the nuclear equation of state: A Dynamical and Statistical model perspective
• Neutron and Proton Transverse Emission Ratio Measurements and the Density Dependence of the Asymmetry Term of the Nuclear Equation of State
• Neutron-Proton Differential Flow as a Probe of Isospin-Dependence of Nuclear Equation of State
• Effects of momentum-dependent symmetry potential on heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei
• Understanding transport simulations of heavy-ion collisions at 100 and 400 AMeV: Comparison of heavy ion transport codes under controlled conditions
• The Relativistic Dirac-Brueckner Approach to Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
• Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral in a box
• Momentum dependence of the symmetry potential and nuclear reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei at RIA
• Light cluster production in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei
• Spinodal decomposition of low-density asymmetric nuclear matter
• High Density Behaviour of Nuclear Symmetry Energy and High Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Constraining the Radii of Neutron Stars with Terrestrial Nuclear Laboratory Data
• Near-threshold pion production with radioactive beams at the Rare Isotope Accelerator
• Symmetry Energy of Nucleonic Matter With Tensor Correlations
• Chemical and mechanical instabilities in hot, isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter
• Light clusters production as a probe to the nuclear symmetry energy
• The influence of cluster emission and the symmetry energy on neutron-proton spectral double ratios
• Probing the Nuclear Symmetry Energy with Heavy Ion Collisions
• Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral with pions and $\Delta$ resonances in a box
• Asymmetric nuclear matter in a parity doublet model with hidden local symmetry
• Dynamics of clusters and fragments in heavy-ion collisions
• Constraints on symmetry energy and nucleon effective mass splitting with Heavy Ion Collisions
• Double neutron/proton ratio of nucleon emissions in isotopic reaction systems as a robust probe of nuclear symmetry energy
• Modern nucleon-nucleon potentials and symmetry energy in infinite matter
• Constraints on the symmetry energy and its associated parameters from nuclei to neutron stars
• Elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions near the balance energy
• Effects of momentum-dependent nuclear potential on two-nucleon correlation functions and light cluster production in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions
• Comparison of Heavy-Ion Transport Simulations: Mean-field Dynamics in a Box
• Effect of symmetry energy on two-nucleon correlation functions in heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei
• Sensitivity of the transverse flow towards symmetry energy
• Symmetry energy and the isospin dependent equation of state
• Fragment Isotope Distributions and the Isospin Dependent Equation of State
• Probing the density dependence of the symmetry potential with peripheral heavy-ion collisions
• Transport approaches for the Description of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Proton Differential Elliptic Flow and the Isospin-Dependence of the Nuclear Equation of State
• Symmetry energy and the isoscaling properties of the fragments produced in ${}^{40}$Ar, ${}^{40}$Ca + ${}^{58}$Fe, ${}^{58}$Ni reactions at 25 $-$ 53 MeV/nucleon
• Constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy from heavy ion collisions
• Single and double pi^{-}/pi^{+} ratios in heavy-ion reactions as probes of the high-density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy
• Progress of Quantum Molecular Dynamics model and its applications in Heavy Ion Collisions
• The Influence of in-medium NN cross-sections, symmetry potential and impact parameter on the isospin observables
• Effective Nucleon Masses from Heavy Ion Collisions
• Isospin Dependence of Nucleon-Nucleon Elastic Cross Section
• Conditions for Isoscaling in Nuclear Reactions
• Predicting the single-proton/neutron potentials in asymmetric nuclear matter
• Transverse emission of isospin ratios as a probe of high-density symmetry energy in isotopic nuclear reactions
• Differential flow in heavy-ion collisions at balance energies
• Isospin effects on two-nucleon correlation functions in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
• Probing isospin- and momentum-dependent nuclear effective interactions in neutron-rich matter
• Isospin influences on particle emission and critical phenomenon in nuclear dissociation
• Probing the isospin dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections with radioactive beams
• IMF isotopic properties in semi-peripheral collisions at Fermi energies
• Probing the density dependence of symmetry energy via multifragmentation at sub-saturation densities
• Observable effects of symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions at RIA energies
• Double neutron-proton differential transverse flow as a probe for the high-density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy
• Triton-${}^3$He relative and differential flows as probes of the nuclear symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities
• Isospin Distillation with Radial Flow: a Test of the Nuclear Symmetry Energy
• Isospin diffusion in semi-peripheral ${}^{58}Ni$ + ${}^{197}Au$ collisions at intermediate energies (II): Dynamical simulations
• The neutron/proton ratio of squeezed-out nucleons and the high density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy
• Probing the Nuclear Symmetry Energy with Heavy-Ion Reactions Induced by Neutron-Rich Nuclei
• Constraining properties of rapidly rotating neutron stars using data from heavy-ion collisions
• Probing neutron-skin thickness with free spectator neutrons in ultracentral high-energy isobaric collisions
• Symmetry potential of $\Delta (1232)$ resonance and its effects on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions near the pion production threshold
• Influence of neutron-skin thickness on ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in Pb+Pb collisions
• Equation of state for $\beta$-stable hot nuclear matter
• Revisit of the neutron/proton ratio puzzle in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Nuclear symmetry energy: An experimental overview
• Isospin fractionation : equilibrium versus spinodal decomposition
• Nuclear limits on gravitational waves from elliptically deformed pulsars
• Constraining the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section from the width of nuclear giant dipole resonance
• Isospin Effect on the Process of Multifragmentation and Dissipation at Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
• Temperature and momentum dependence of single-particle properties in hot asymmetric nuclear matter
• Symmetry interaction and many-body correlations
• Isospin dependence of nucleon emission and radial flow in heavy-ion collisions induced by high energy radioactive beams
• Constraining a possible time variation of the gravitational constant G with terrestrial nuclear laboratory data
• Equation of state of isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter in relativistic mean-field models with chiral limits
• Sensitivity of neutron to proton ratio toward the high density behavior of symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions
• Isospin observables from fragment energy spectra
• Isospin fractionation in the nucleon emissions and fragment emissions in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
• Isospin effects on two-particle correlation functions in E/A = 61 MeV 36Ar + 112,124Sn reactions
• Entrance channel dependence and isospin dependence of preequilibrium nucleon emission in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
• Influence of a momentum dependent interaction on the isospin dependence of fragmentation and dissipation in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
• Differential isospin-fractionation in dilute asymmetric nuclear matter
• Probing in-medium spin-orbit potential with intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Probing the Isospin Dependent In-Medium Nucleon-Nucleon Cross Section by Nucleon Emissions
• Understanding the symmetry energy using data from the ALADIN-2000 Collaboration taken at the GSI Large Neutron Detector
• Isospin relaxation time in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
• Isospin dynamics on neck fragmentation in isotopic nuclear reactions
• Thermal and transport properties in central heavy-ion reactions around a few hundred MeV/nucleon
• Model dependence of isospin sensitive observables at high densities
• Influence of the treatment of initialization and mean-field potential on the neutron to proton yield ratios
• Decomposition of sensitivity of the symmetry energy observables
• Spin-orbit coupling and the up-down differential transverse flow in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Free spectator nucleons in ultracentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions as a probe of neutron skin
• Measuring deformed neutron skin with free spectator nucleons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Effect of Delta potential on the pion-/pion+ ratio in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
• The Statistical Multifragmentation Model with Skyrme Effective Interactions
• Constraining the nonanalytic terms in the isospin-asymmetry expansion of the nuclear equation of state
• Bayesian inference of in-medium baryon-baryon scattering cross sections from HADES proton flow data
• Observing the Ping-pong Modality of Isospin Degree of Freedom in Cluster Emission from Heavy Ion Reactions
• Exploiting neutron-rich radioactive ion beams to constrain the symmetry energy
• Effects of the high-momentum tail of nucleon momentum distribution on the isospin-sensitive observables
• Isoscaling in central Sn+Sn collisions at 270 MeV/u
• Isospin Symmetry Breaking Effects on the Properties of Asymmetrical Nuclear Matter and $\beta$-Stable Matter
• Influence of medium correction of nucleon nucleon cross section on the fragmentation and nucleon emission
• Competition between Coulomb and Symmetry Potential in Semi-peripheral Heavy-ion Collisions
• The relativistic quantum Boltzmann equation near equilibrium
• Reconstruction of Bremsstrahlung $\gamma$-rays Spectrum in Heavy Ion Reactions with Richardson-Lucy Algorithm
• Probing configuration of $\alpha$ clusters with spectator particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Extended parity doublet model with a new transport code
• Influence of density dependent symmetry energy on Elliptical flow
• Determination of the density region of the symmetry energy probed by the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio
• Relativistic self-energy decomposition of nuclear symmetry energy and equation of state of neutron matter within QCD sum rules
• Directly probing existence of $\alpha$-cluster structure in ${}^{20}$Ne by relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Probing the momentum-dependence of the symmetry potential by the free n/p ratio of preequilibrium emission
• Determining the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy using heavy-ion reactions
• Role of isospin physics in supernova matter and neutron stars
• Probing the EOS of dense neutron-rich matter with high-energy radioactive beams
• Sensitivity of the evaporation residue observables to the symmetry energy
• Probing the density dependence of the symmetry energy by nucleon flow
• Equation of state for dense supernova matter
• Isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass and symmetry energy in isotopic nuclear reactions
• Probing the nuclear EOS with fragment production
• Probing nuclear symmetry energy with the sub-threshold pion production
• Disentangling effects of collision geometry and symmetry energy in U+U collisions
• Probing the isospin dependent mean field and nucleon nucleon cross section in the medium by the nucleon emissions
• Medium influence of the nucleon nucleon cross section on the fragmentation
• Precise Measurement of Short-Range Correlations in Nuclei from Bremsstrahlung Gamma Ray Emission in Low-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Isospin Dependence of Mechanical and Chemical Instabilities in Neutron-Rich Matter
• Principal Component Analysis of Azimuthal Flow in Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Reactions
• Evolutions of in-medium baryon-baryon scattering cross sections and stiffness of dense nuclear matter from Bayesian analyses of FOPI proton flow excitation functions
• Isospin dependence of nuclear matter symmetry energy coefficients
• Revisit to the yield ratio of triton and ${}^3$He as an indicator of neutron-rich neck emission
• Constraining the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of nuclei using isospin diffusion data from heavy ion collisions
• N/Z and N/A dependence of balance energy as a probe of symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions
• Blind spots of probing the high-density symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions
• Nucleon Short-Range Correlations and High-Momentum Dynamics: Implications on the Equation of State of Dense Matter
• Dynamical and many-body correlation effects in the kinetic energy spectra of isotopes produced in nuclear multifragmentation
• Nuclear collision in strong magnetic field
• Probing the high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy with high-energy radioactive beams
• Correlation between nuclear temperatures and symmetry energy in sub-saturation
• Probing the symmetry energy with isospin ratio from nucleons to fragments
• Effects of Symmetry Energy in the Reaction 40Ca+124Sn at 140 MeV/nucleon
• Investigating the possibility of extracting neutron-skin thickness in nuclei by their collisions at intermediate energies
• Experimental Study of Bremsstrahlung Gamma Ray Emission and Short-Range Correlations in ${}^{124}$Sn+${}^{124}$Sn Collisions at 25 MeV/u
• Isobar correlations bearing information on the properties of hot disassembling nuclear sources
• Rearrangements of interacting Fermi liquids
• Progress Towards Determining the Density Dependence of the Nuclear Symmetry Energy Using Heavy-Ion Reactions
• Probing the density dependence of symmetry energy at subsaturation density with HICs