Constraints on symmetry energy and nucleon effective mass splitting with Heavy Ion Collisions

Abstract

A new version of the improved quantum molecular dynamics model has been developed to include standard Skyrme interactions. Four commonly used Skyrme parameter sets, SLy4, SkI2, SkM* and Gs are adopted in the transport model code to calculate the isospin diffusion observables as well as single and double ratios of transverse emitted nucleons. While isospin diffusion observables are sensitive to the symmetry energy term, they are not very sensitive to the nucleon effective mass splitting parameters in the interactions. Our calculations show that the high energy neutrons and protons and their ratios from reactions at different incident energies provide a robust observable to study the momentum dependence of the nucleon effective mass splitting. However the sensitivity of effective mass splitting effect on the n/p yield ratios decreases with increasing beam energy, even though high energy proton and neutron are produced more abundantly at high beam energy. Our calculations show that the optimum incident energy to study nucleon effective masses is between 100-200 MeV per nucleon.

Submitted to PLB, 14 pages, 4 figures

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• Constraints on the symmetry energy and its associated parameters from nuclei to neutron stars
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• Nuclear dynamics and particle production near threshold energies in heavy-ion collisions
• Transport approaches for the Description of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
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• Neutron-proton effective mass splitting in neutron-rich matter and its impacts on nuclear reactions
• Isospin dynamics on neck fragmentation in isotopic nuclear reactions
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• Bayesian inference on the isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass from giant resonances in ${}^{208}$Pb
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• A new probe to study symmetry energy at low density by deuteron breakup reaction
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• Constraining neutron-proton effective mass splitting through nuclear giant dipole resonance within transport approach
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• The Nuclear Symmetry Energy in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Transport Model Comparison Studies of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions