Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors

Abstract

This topical review summarizes various features of magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors. Precise measurements of the penetration depth as a function of temperature, magnetic field and crystal orientation can provide detailed information about the pairing state. Examples are given of unconventional pairing in hole- and electron-doped cuprates, organic and heavy fermion superconductors. The ability to apply an external magnetic field adds a new dimension to penetration depth measurements. We discuss how field dependent measurements can be used to study surface Andreev bound states, nonlinear Meissner effects, magnetic impurities, magnetic ordering, proximity effects and vortex motion. We also discuss how penetration depth measurements as a function of orientation can be used to explore superconductors with more than one gap and with anisotropic gaps. Details relevant to the analysis of penetration depth data in anisotropic samples are also discussed.

topical review, 57 pages, 219 references

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• Nonlinear Current Response of a d-wave Superfluid
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• Theory of the c-Axis Penetration Depth in the Cuprates
• c-Axis Infrared Conductivity of a d_{x^2-y^2}-Wave Superconductor with Impurity and Spin-Fluctuation Scattering
• Global trends in the interplane penetration depth of layered superconductors
• Interplane Transport and Superfluid Density in Layered Superconductors
• Thermodynamic Properties and Pressure Effect on the Superconductivity in CaAlSi and SrAlSi
• Magnetic Penetration Depth Measurements of Pr${}_{2-x}$Ce${}_x$CuO${}_{4-\delta }$ Films on Buffered Substrates: Evidence for a Nodeless Gap
• Possible f-wave superconductivity in Sr${}_2$RuO${}_4$?
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• Angular Dependence of the Nonlinear Transverse Magnetic Moment of YBCO in the Meissner state
• Electrons and phonons in the ternary alloy CaAl${}_{2-x}$Si${}_x$} as a function of composition
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• Measurements of the Magnetic Field Dependence of Lambda in YBa_2Cu_3O_6.95: Results as a Function of Temperature and Field Orientation
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• Is the nonlinear Meissner effect unobservable?
• CeCoIn5 - a quantum critical superfluid
• Infrared Conductivity in Layered $d$-wave Superconductors
• Unusual thermodynamical and transport signatures of short coherence length superconductors: A BCS Bose-Einstein crossover approach
• Evidence for Surface Andreev Bound states in Cuprate Superconductors from Penetration Depth Measurements
• Influence of internal disorder on the superconducting state in the organic layered superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br
• Nodal Protectorate: A Unified Theory of the ab-plane and c-axis Penetration Depths of Underdoped cuprates
• Magnetic breakdown in a normal-metal - superconductor proximity sandwich
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• Energy gap and proximity effect in $Mg{B}_2$ superconducting wires
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• Field-Induced Quasiparticle Excitation in Ca(Al${}_{0.5}$Si${}_{0.5}$)${}_2$: Evidence for unconventional Superconductivity
• c-axis penetration depth in Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$ single crystals measured by ac-susceptibility and cavity perturbation technique
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• Magnetic penetration depth in electron-doped cuprates - evidence for gap nodes

Cited by in corpus (246)

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• Superconducting and Normal State Properties of APd2As2 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) Single Crystals
• London penetration depth in Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$T${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$ (T=Co, Ni) superconductors irradiated with heavy ions
• Energy Gap Evolution Across the Superconductivity Dome in Single Crystals of (Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$)Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Fully gapped $d$-wave superconductivity in CeCu${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Evidence of nodes in the order parameter of the superconducting doped topological insulator Nb${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ via penetration depth measurements
• Two-gap superconductivity in LaNiGa${}_2$ with non-unitary triplet pairing and even parity gap symmetry
• Anomalous normal fluid response in a chiral superconductor UTe2
• Chiral superconductivity in UTe2 probed by anisotropic low-energy excitations
• Scanning SQUID Susceptometry of a paramagnetic superconductor
• Enhancement of Tc by point-like disorder and anisotropic gap in FeSe
• Nodeless multiband superconductivity in stoichiometric single crystalline CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$
• London penetration depth and strong pair-breaking in iron-based superconductors
• Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator Nb${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Superfluid Density and Energy Gap-Function of Superconducting PrPt4Ge12
• Anisotropic London Penetration Depth and Superfluid Density in Single Crystals of Iron-based Pnictide Superconductors
• The pairing state in KFe2As2 studied by measurements of the magnetic vortex lattice
• Weak Interband-Coupling Superconductivity in the Filled Skutterudite LaPt4Ge12
• Three-dimensional nodal superconducting gap in single crystals Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Ni${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Nodeless superconductivity in noncentrosymmetric PbTaSe${}_2$ single crystals
• Muon-spin-spectroscopy study of the penetration depth of FeTe0.5Se0.5
• Comparative study of the centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric superconducting phases of Re3W using muon-spin spectroscopy and heat capacity measurements
• Multi-gap superconductivity and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in single crystals of the layered boride OsB_2
• Type I Superconductivity in YbSb2 Single Crystals
• Nodeless superconductivity in type-II Dirac semimetal PdTe2: low-temperature London penetration depth and symmetry analysis
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• Muon-spin rotation measurements of the penetration depth of the Mo_3Sb_7 superconductor
• Doping - dependent superconducting gap anisotropy in the two-dimensional 10-3-8 pnictide Ca${}_{10}$(Pt${}_3$As${}_8$)[(Fe${}_{1-x}$Pt${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$]${}_5$
• BCS-like superconductivity in the noncentrosymmetric compounds Nb${}_x$Re${}_{1-x}$
• Nodal superconducting gap structure in the quasi-one-dimensional Cs${}_2$Cr${}_3$As${}_3$ investigated using $\mu$SR measurements
• Coexistence of low moment magnetism and superconductivity in tetragonal FeS and suppression of $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ under pressure
• Signature of multigap nodeless superconductivity in CaKFe4As4
• Experimental consequences of Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces
• Using electron irradiation to probe iron - based superconductors
• Complex superconductivity in the noncentrosymmetric compound Re${}_6$Zr
• Evolution of the superconducting energy gap structure concomitant with Fermi surface reconstruction in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5
• Local characterization of superconductivity in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2
• Precise measurements of radio-frequency magnetic susceptibility in (anti)ferromagnetic materials
• Anisotropic superconductivity in the noncentrosymmetric BiPd
• Evidence for nonlocal electrodynamics in planar Josephson junctions
• Wave packet dynamics of Bogoliubov quasiparticles: quantum metric effects
• Superconducting and normal state properties of high entropy alloy Nb-Re-Hf-Zr-Tiinvestigated by muon spin relaxation and rotation
• Measurement of the nonlinear Meissner effect in superconducting Nb films using a resonant microwave cavity: A probe of unconventional pairing symmetries
• Fully gapped superconductivity in the topological superconductor beta-PdBi2
• Low superfluid density and possible multi-gap superconductivity in BiS2-based layered superconductor Bi4O4S3
• Superfluid density and microwave conductivity of FeSe superconductor: ultra-long-lived quasiparticles and extended s-wave energy gap
• Two-gap superconductivity in single crystal Lu${}_2$Fe${}_3$Si${}_5$ from penetration depth measurements
• Spin-triplet superconductivity in Weyl nodal-line semimetals
• Electron irradiation effects on superconductivity in PdTe${}_2$: an application of a generalized Anderson theorem
• Experimental evidence for hotspot and phase-slip mechanisms of voltage switching in ultra-thin YBa2Cu3O7-x nanowires
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• Superconducting and magnetic properties of Sr3Ir4Sn13
• Studies of the superconducting properties of Sn1-xInxTe (x=0.38 to 0.45) using muon-spin spectroscopy
• Magnetic penetration depth and $T_c$ in superconducting nickelates
• High-T${}_c$ cuprates: a story of two electron subsystems
• Analysis of the London penetration depth in Ni-doped CaKFe4As4
• Detecting induced $p\pm ip$ pairing at the Al-InAs interface with a quantum microwave circuit
• Multigap superconductivity in ThAsFeN investigated using muSR measurements
• In-plane superfluid density and microwave conductivity of the organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br: evidence for d-wave pairing and resilient quasiparticles
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• Microwave conductivity and superfluid density in strongly overdoped Tl2201
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• Evidence for Fully Gapped Strong Coupling S-wave Superconductivity in Bi4O4S3
• Probing the superconducting gap structure in the noncentrosymmetric topological superconductor ZrRuAs
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• Muon spin rotation study of type-I superconductivity: elemental $\beta -$Sn
• Evidence for unconventional superconductivity in Half-Heusler YPdBi and TbPdBi compounds revealed by London penetration depth measurements
• Penetration depth measurements of K2Cr3As3 and Rb2Cr3As3
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• Magnetic phase separation and superfluid density measurements in alkali metal-organic solvent intercalated iron selenide superconductor Lix(C5H5N)yFe2-zSe2
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• Multi-band $s_{++}$ superconductivity in ${\text{V}}_3\text{Si}$ determined from the response to a controlled disorder
• Magnetic penetration depth in disordered iron-based superconductors
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• Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking Superconductivity in Three-Dimensional Dirac Semimetallic Silicides
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• Probing the superconducting ground state of ZrIrSi: A $\mu$SR study
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• Stiffnessometer, a magnetic-field-free superconducting stiffness meter and its application
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• Anomalous Temperature Dependence of Lower Critical Field in Ultraclean URu${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Absence of broken time reversal symmetry beneath the surface of YBCO films
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• Two-gap to Single-gap Superconducting Transition on a Honeycomb Lattice in Ca${}_{1-x}$Sr${}_x$AlSi
• Spin-pairing and penetration depth measurements from nuclear magnetic resonance in NaFe${}_{0.975}$Co${}_{0.025}$As
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• Superconducting properties and gap structure of the topological superconductor candidate Ti_(3)Sb
• Unconventional pressure dependence of the superfluid density in the nodeless topological superconductor $\alpha$-PdBi${}_2$
• Possible nodal superconducting gap in Fe${}_{1+y}$(Te${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$) single crystals from ultra-low temperature penetration depth measurements
• Kagome materials $A$V${}_3$Sb${}_5$ ($A$=K,Rb,Cs): pairing symmetry and pressure-tuning studies
• Electron irradiation reveals robust fully gapped superconductivity in LaNiGa${}_2$
• Millimeter-wave study of London penetration depth temperature dependence in Ba(Fe0.926Co0.074)2As2 single crystal
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• Superfluid response of an atomically thin, gate-tuned van der Waals superconductor
• Conventional Superconductivity in the Doped Kagome Superconductor Cs(V0.86Ta0.14)3Sb5 from Vortex Lattice Studies
• A neutron scattering study of the mixed state of Yb${}_3$Rh${}_4$Sn${}_{13}$
• Time-reversal-symmetry Breaking in the Superconducting State of ScS
• Coexistence of Long-Range Magnetic Order and Superconductivity from Campbell Penetration Depth Measurements
• Study of the mixed state of La_{1.83}Sr_{0.17}CuO_{4} by means of muon-spin rotation and magnetization experiments in a low magnetic field
• Prediction of $f$-wave pairing symmetry in YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{6+x}$ cuprates
• Superconductivity in Ru0.55Rh0.45P and Ru0.75Rh0.25As probed by muon spin relaxation and rotation measurements
• Nodeless superconductivity in the charge density wave superconductor LaPt${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Probing Vortex Dynamics in 2D Superconductors with Scanning Quantum Microscope
• Eliashberg Theory and Superfluid Stiffness of Band-Off-Diagonal Pairing in Twisted Graphene
• Nodeless superconducting gap in the candidate topological superconductor Sn${}_{1-x}$In${}_x$Te for x = 0.7
• Time reversal symmetry breaking and s-wave superconductivity in CaPd2Ge2: A $\mu$SR study
• Full superconducting gap in the candidate topological superconductor In${}_{1-x}$Pb${}_x$Te for x = 0.2
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• The magnetic penetration depth influenced by the proximity to the surface
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• Two characteristic contributions to the superconducting state of 2$H$-NbSe${}_2$
• Robust superconductivity and the suppression of charge-density wave in ${\text{Ca}}_3({\text{Ir}}_{1-x}{\text{Rh}}_x{)}_4{\text{Sn}}_{13}$ single crystals at ambient pressure
• Reply to "Comment on \emph{"Precision global measurements of London penetration depth in Fe(Te${}_{0.58}$Se${}_{0.42}$)"}"
• Nearly Ferromagnetic Superconductors
• The pairing symmetry in quasi-one-dimensional superconductor Rb2Mo3As3
• Quasiparticle spectroscopy in technologically-relevant niobium using London penetration depth measurements
• Exploring van der Waals cuprate superconductors using a hybrid microwave circuit
• Conventional s-wave superconductivity and hidden peak effect in single crystals of Mo${}_8$Ga${}_{4}1$ superconductor
• Twisted Nodal Superconductors
• Linear magnetic susceptibility of anisotropic superconductors of cuboidal shape
• Multigap Superconductivity in the Filled-Skutterudite Compound LaRu${}_4$As${}_{12}$ probed by muon spin rotation
• Theory for measurements of penetration depth in magnetic superconductors by magnetic force microscopy and scanning SQUID microscopy
• Interplay of Local-Moment Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity in ErRh${}_4$B${}_4$ Single Crystals
• Low-temperature high-frequency dynamic magnetic susceptibility of classical spin-ice Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
• Microscopic investigation of the weakly correlated noncentrosymmetric superconductor SrAuSi${}_3$
• Revealing isotropic abundant low-energy excitations in UTe${}_2$ through complex microwave surface impedance
• Microscopic Insights into London Penetration Depth: Application to CeCoIn${}_5^{}$
• Superconducting Gap Structure of Filled Skutterudite LaOs${}_4$As${}_{12}$ Compound through $\mu$SR Investigations
• Unconventional superconductivity in the nickel-chalcogenide superconductor, TlNi${}_2$Se${}_2$
• Development of microwave surface elastoresistivity measurement technique under tunable strain
• Higher critical currents yet faster vortex creep in EuBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_y$ films containing coherent artificial pinning centers
• Possible unconventional order parameter in single crystals of SrPt${}_3$P superconductor
• Single-gap Isotropic $s-$wave Superconductivity in Single Crystals ${\text{AuSn}}_4$
• Determining the absolute value of magnetic penetration depth in small-sized superconducting films
• Determination of the London penetration depth with the tunnel diode oscillator technique