Anisotropy and multiband superconductivity in Sr2RuO4

Abstract

Despite numerous studies the exact nature of the order parameter in superconducting Sr2RuO4 remains unresolved. We have extended previous small-angle neutron scattering studies of the vortex lattice in this material to a wider field range, higher temperatures, and with the field applied close to both the <100> and <110> basal plane directions. Measurements at high field were made possible by the use of both spin polarization and analysis to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Rotating the field towards the basal plane causes a distortion of the square vortex lattice observed for H // <001>, and also a symmetry change to a distorted triangular symmetry for fields close to <100>. The vortex lattice distortion allows us to determine the intrinsic superconducting anisotropy between the c-axis and the Ru-O basal plane, yielding a value of ~60 at low temperature and low to intermediate fields. This greatly exceeds the upper critical field anisotropy of ~20 at low temperature, reminiscent of Pauli limiting. Indirect evidence for Pauli paramagnetic effects on the unpaired quasiparticles in the vortex cores are observed, but a direct detection lies below the measurement sensitivity. The superconducting anisotropy is found to be independent of temperature but increases for fields > 1 T, indicating multiband superconductvity in Sr2RuO4. Finally, the temperature dependence of the scattered intensity provides further support for gap nodes or deep minima in the superconducting gap.

14 pages, 8 figures

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• Exotic Cooper pairing in multi-orbital models of Sr${}_2$RuO${}_4$
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• Vector field controlled vortex lattice symmetry in LiFeAs
• Inter-orbital p- and d-wave pairings between $d_{xz/yz}$ and $d_{xy}$ orbitals in Sr${}_2$RuO${}_4$
• Microscopic Eilenberger theory of Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov states in the presence of vortices
• Theoretical studies for identifying horizontal line nodes via angle-resolved density of states measurements ---Application to Sr${}_2$RuO${}_4$---
• Anomalous Hall effect in semiconductor quantum wells in proximity to chiral p-wave superconductors
• Investigating the superconducting state of 2$H$-NbS${}_2$ as seen by the vortex lattice
• Spin susceptibility of nonunitary spin-triplet superconductors
• Field-angle dependent vortex lattice phase diagram in MgB2