Evidence for Superfluidity in a Resonantly Interacting Fermi Gas

Abstract

We observe collective oscillations of a trapped, degenerate Fermi gas of ${}^6$Li atoms at a magnetic field just above a Feshbach resonance, where the two-body physics does not support a bound state. The gas exhibits a radial breathing mode at a frequency of 2837(05) Hz, in excellent agreement with the frequency of ${\nu }_H\equiv \sqrt{10{\nu }_x{\nu }_y/3}=2830(20)$ Hz predicted for a {\em hydrodynamic} Fermi gas with unitarity limited interactions. The measured damping times and frequencies are inconsistent with predictions for both the collisionless mean field regime and for collisional hydrodynamics. These observations provide the first evidence for superfluid hydrodynamics in a resonantly interacting Fermi gas.

5 pages, ReVTeX4, 2 eps figs. Resubmitted to PRL in response to referees' comments. Title and abstract changed. Corrected error in Table 1, atom numbers for 0.33 TF and 0.5 TF data were interchanged. Corrected typo in ref 3. Added new figure of damping time versus temperature

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• Magnetic field control of elastic scattering in a cold gas of fermionic lithium atoms
• Crossover temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation in an atomic Fermi gas
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• Dynamic structure factor of Fermi superfluid in the BEC-BCS crossover
• Generalized Galitskii approach for the vertex function of a Fermi gas with resonant interaction
• Lifetime of angular momentum in a rotating strongly interacting Fermi gas
• Single-Particle properties of a strongly-interacting Bose-Fermi mixture with mass and population imbalance
• Density response of a trapped Fermi gas: a crossover from the pair vibration mode to the Goldstone mode
• Proposed method to realize the $p$-wave superfluid state using a $s$-wave superfluid Fermi gas with a synthetic spin-orbit interaction
• Collective Modes and Stability of Bose-Fermi Mixtures with a BCS-BEC Crossover
• Lattice gas models derived from effective field theory
• Collective modes of Fermi superfluid containing vortices along the BEC-BCS crossover
• The internal Josephson effect in a Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance
• Thermal transitions, pseudogap behavior and BCS-BEC crossover in Fermi-Fermi mixtures
• LOFF and breached pairing with cold atoms
• Heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures
• On the specific heat of a fermionic atomic cloud in the unitary regime
• Endpoint thermodynamics of an atomic Fermi gas subject to a Feshbach resonance
• Axial collective excitations of a degenerate Fermi gas in the BEC to unitarity crossover
• Universal contact and collective excitations of a strongly interacting Fermi gas
• Density correlations in ultracold Fermi systems within the exact Richardson solution
• p-wave phase shift and scattering length of ${}^6$Li
• Renormalization of the superfluid density in the two-dimensional BCS-BEC crossover
• Breathing mode frequencies of a rotating Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover region
• Sound wave propagation in strongly elongated fermion clouds at finite collisionality
• Spatial structure of the pair wavefunction and the density correlation functions at the BEC-BCS crossover
• Enhancement of pairing due to the presence of resonant cavities
• Cold quantum gases: coherent quantum phenomena from Bose-Einstein condensation to BCS pairing of fermions
• Spin susceptibility and effects of a harmonic trap in the BCS-BEC crossover regime of an ultracold Fermi gas
• Pairing gaps in atomic gases at the BCS-BEC crossover
• Pseudogap phenomena in a two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gas near the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition
• Calibrating the absorption imaging of cold atoms under high magnetic fields
• Effective action for superfluid Fermi systems in the strong-coupling limit
• Resonant Manipulation of d-wave Interaction of Cold Atoms with Two Lasers and a Magnetic Field
• Vortex Properties of a Resonant Superfluid
• Hydrodynamic collective modes for cold trapped gases
• Single-particle Excitations and Effects of Hetero-pairing Fluctuations in a Bose-Fermi Mixture with a Feshbach Resonance
• Laser cooling all the way down to molecular condensate
• Probing ultracold Fermi gases with light-induced gauge potentials
• Collective oscillations of a two-component Fermi gas on the repulsive branch
• Analytical Results for Cold Asymmetrical Fermion Superfluids at the Mean-Field Level
• Symmetry-enriched Bose-Einstein condensates in spin-orbit coupled bilayer system
• Stable non-equilibrium Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in a spin-imbalanced driven-dissipative Fermi gas loaded on a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice
• Interplay of interlayer pairing and many-body screening in a bilayer of dipolar fermions
• Nonequilibrium BCS-BEC crossover and unconventional FFLO superfluid in a strongly interacting driven-dissipative Fermi gas
• Magnetic Feshbach resonances in collisions of non-magnetic closed-shell ${}^1\Sigma$ molecules
• Density and spin modes in imbalanced normal Fermi gases from collisionless to hydrodynamic regime
• Superfluidity in density imbalanced bilayers of dipolar fermions
• Sympathetic cooling of trapped fermions by bosons in the presence of particle losses
• Molecule formation as a diagnostic tool for second order correlations of ultra-cold gases
• Analytic normal mode frequencies for N identical particles: The microscopic dynamics underlying the emergence and stability of excitation gaps from BCS to unitarity
• Experimental realization of BCS-BEC crossover physics with a Fermi gas of atoms
• Single-Particle Spectral Density of a Bose Gas in the Two-Fluid Hydrodynamic Regime
• Dynamics of shock waves in a superfluid unitary Fermi gas
• Global superfluid phase diagram of three component fermions with magnetic ordering
• Non-Fermi liquid fixed point for an imbalanced gas of fermions in $1+\epsilon$ dimensions
• Causality, universality, and effective field theory for van der Waals interactions
• Phase slip in a superfluid Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance
• Dynamics of quantum quenching for BCS-BEC systems in the shallow BEC regime
• Signatures of macroscopic quantum coherence in ultracold dilute Fermi gases
• Superfluid/ferromagnet/superfluid junction and $\pi$-phase in a superfluid Fermi gas
• Many-body theories of density response for a strongly correlated Fermi gas
• Magnetic-field-induced tunability of spin Hamiltonians: Resonances and Efimov states in Yb${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$
• Asymmetric Conductivity of the Kondo Effect in Cold Atomic Systems
• Magnetic Impurities in Two-Dimensional Superfluid Fermi Gas with Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Pairing imbalance in BCS-BEC crossover of inhomogeneous three-component Fermi-gas in two dimensions
• Matter-wave interference in s-wave and p-wave Fermi condensates
• Ultracold Fermion Cooling Cycle using Heteronuclear Feshbach Resonances
• Pairing properties of an odd-frequency superfluid Fermi gas
• Low energy density correlation function of the degenerate unitary Fermi gas from epsilon expansion
• Phase diagram of asymmetric Fermi gas across Feshbach resonance
• Signatures of Superfluidity in Dilute Fermi Gases near a Feshbach Resonance
• Triplet pair amplitude in a trapped $s$-wave superfluid Fermi gas with broken spin rotation symmetry
• Spin Collective Modes of Two-Species Fermi Liquids: Helium-3 and Atomic Gases near the Feshbach Resonance
• Tan's universal contact and collective oscillations of strongly interacting Fermi gases
• Two-body correlation functions in nuclear matter with $np$ condensate
• Pseudogap regime of a two-dimensional uniform Fermi gas
• A Composite Fermion Approach to the Ultracold Dilute Fermi Gas
• Imbalanced ultracold Fermi gas in the weakly repulsive regime: Renormalization group approach for p-wave superfluidity
• Acoustic attenuation probe for fermion superfluidity in ultracold atom gases
• Collective excitation and stability of flow-induced gapless Fermi superfluids
• Non-Abelian Majorana fermions in topological $s$-wave Fermi superfluids
• Effect of impurities on the transition temperature of a dilute dipolar tapped Bose gase
• Isothermal compressibility and effects of multi-body molecular interactions in a strongly interacting ultracold Fermi gas
• Microscopic description of the twist mode in normal and superfluid trapped Fermi gases
• Leading Order $k_{F}a$ Corrections to the Free Energy and Phase Separation in Two-component Fermion Systems
• Anharmonicity-Induced Criticality of Collective Excitation in a Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Specific Heat and Effects of Uniaxial Anisotropy of a $p$-wave Pairing Interaction in a Strongly Interacting Ultracold Fermi Gas
• Delayed response of a fermion-pair condensate to a modulation of the interaction strength
• Triplet pair amplitude in a trapped $s$-wave superfluid Fermi gas with broken spin rotation symmetry. II. Three dimensional continuum case
• Unitary Fermi gas in the epsilon expansion
• Dipole-Mode Spectrum and Hydrodynamic Crossover in a Resonantly Interacting Two-Species Fermion Mixture
• Reliability of the Ginzburg-Landau Theory in the BCS-BEC Crossover by Including Gaussian Fluctuations for 3D Attractive Fermions
• Quasi-particle properties of trapped Fermi gases
• Ultra-cold fermions in optical lattices
• Pair condensation of polarized fermions in the BCS-BEC crossover
• Dynamics of large samples of repulsive Fermi gases at nonzero temperatures
• Bogoliubov spectrum of a cigar shaped Fermi superfluid in an optical lattice at the BEC-BCS crossover
• Superfluid properties of an ultracold Fermi gas with an orbital Feshbach resonance in the BCS-BEC crossover region
• Unconventional color superfluidity in ultra-cold fermions: Quintuplet pairing, quintuple point and pentacriticality
• The normal state of attractive Fermi gases from coupled-cluster theory
• Resonance-facilitated three-channel p-wave scattering
• Increasing the stability of a superfluid in a rotating necklace potential
• First and second sound in two-dimensional bosonic and fermionic superfluids
• Vortices in Fermi gases with spin-dependent rotation potentials
• Quantitative Probe of Pairing Correlations in a Cold Fermionic Atom Gas
• Strong Coupling Effects on the Specific Heat of an Ultracold Fermi Gas in the Unitarity Limit
• Ultracold atom superfluidity induced by the Feshbach resonance
• Normal-state Properties of a Unitary Bose-Fermi Mixture: A Combined Strong-coupling Approach with Universal Thermodynamics
• An Effective Series Expansion to the Equation of State of Unitary Fermi Gases
• Decay of the Kohn mode in hydrodynamic regime
• Effects of trap anisotropy on impurity scattering regime in a Fermi gas
• Super-shell structure in harmonically trapped fermionic gases and its semi-classical interpretation
• Pairing based cooling of Fermi gases
• Finite temperature effects in light scattering off Cooper-paired Fermi atoms
• Superfluid hydrodynamics of polytropic gases:dimensional reduction and sound velocity
• Strong coupling effects on specific heat in the BCS-BEC crossover
• Pairing and molecule formation along the BEC-BCS crossover for finite range potentials
• Spin susceptibility and effects of inhomogeneous strong pairing fluctuations in a trapped ultracold Fermi gas
• Heisenberg Symmetry and Collective Modes of One Dimensional Unitary Correlated Fermions
• Appropriate conditions to realize a $p$-wave superfluid state starting from a spin-orbit coupled $s$-wave superfluid Fermi gas
• The inverse-square interaction phase diagram: unitarity in the bosonic ground state
• Density of states for the Unitary Fermi gas and the Schwarzschild black hole
• Small amplitude collective modes of a finite-size unitary Fermi gas in deformed traps
• Phase diagram of a dilute fermion gas with density imbalance
• Critical scaling of the AC conductivity and momentum dissipation
• Repulsive fermions and shell effects on the surface of a sphere
• Competitive algorithms for calculating the ground state properties of Bose-Fermi mixtures
• Characterizing Real-space Topology in Rice-Mele Model by Thermodynamics
• Negative Echo in the Density Evolution of Ultracold Fermionic Gases
• Composite pairing and superfluidity in a one-dimensional resonant Bose-Fermi mixture
• Molecular regimes in ultracold Fermi gases