Magnetic-field-induced tunability of spin Hamiltonians: Resonances and Efimov states in Yb${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$

Abstract

Universality is a powerful concept that arises from the divergence of a characteristic length scale. For condensed matter systems, this length scale is typically the correlation length, which diverges at critical points separating two different phases. Few-particle systems exhibit a simpler form of universality when the $s$-wave scattering length diverges. A prominent example of universal phenomena is the emergence of an infinite tower of three-body bound states obeying discrete scale invariance, known as the Efimov effect, which has been subject to extensive research in chemical, atomic, nuclear and particle physics. In principle, these universal phenomena can also emerge in the excitation spectrum of condensed matter systems, such as quantum magnets~[Y. Nishida, Y. Kato, and C. Batista, Nat. Phys. 9, 93 (2013)]. However, the limited tunability of the effective inter-particle interaction relative to the kinetic energy has precluded so far their observation. Here we demonstrate that a high degree of magnetic-field-induced tunability can also be achieved in quantum magnets with strong spin-orbit coupling: a two-magnon resonance condition can be achieved in Yb${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$ with a field of $\sim$ 13~T along the [110] direction, which leads to the formation of Efimov states in the three-magnon spectrum of this material. Raman scattering experiments can reveal the field-induced two-magnon resonance, as well as the Efimov three-magnon bound states that emerge near the resonance condition.

17 pages, 10 figures

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• Ground state properties of the Heisenberg-compass model on the square lattice
• Universal bound states and resonances with Coulomb plus short-range potentials
• High-accuracy evaluation of non-thermal magnetic states beyond spin-wave theory: applications to higher-energy states