The spin temperature and 21cm brightness of the intergalactic medium in the pre-reionization era

Abstract

We use numerical hydrodynamical simulations of early structure formation in a LCDM universe to investigate the spin temperature and 21cm brightness of the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the epoch of cosmic reionization, at z<20. In the absence of any radiative heating, collisions between neutral hydrogen atoms can efficiently decouple the spin temperature from the CMB only in dense minihalos and filaments. Shock heated gas shines in emission, surrounded by cooler gas visible in absorption. In the case of a warm, mostly neutral IGM, produced here by X-ray emission from an early miniquasar, the 21cm signal is strongly enhanced. Even slightly overdense filaments now shine in emission against the CMB, possibly allowing future radio arrays to probe the distribution of neutral hydrogen before reionization.

4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. A few modifications and clarifications at the referee's request

References in corpus (4)

• A Method for Separating the Physics from the Astrophysics of High-Redshift 21cm Fluctuations
• The CMBR fluctuations from HI perturbations prior to reionization
• The First Miniquasar
• The spin temperature of neutral hydrogen during cosmic pre-reionization

Cited by in corpus (120)

• Cosmology at Low Frequencies: The 21 cm Transition and the High-Redshift Universe
• 21-cm cosmology
• Observational constraints on Cosmic Reionization
• 21cmFAST: A Fast, Semi-Numerical Simulation of the High-Redshift 21-cm Signal
• Fundamental Physics with the Square Kilometre Array
• Radiation Backgrounds at Cosmic Dawn: X-Rays from Compact Binaries
• The Global 21 Centimeter Background from High Redshifts
• 21 cm fluctuations from inhomogeneous X-ray heating before reionization
• Foreground simulations for the LOFAR - Epoch of Reionization Experiment
• Evolution of the Intergalactic Opacity: Implications for the Ionizing Background, Cosmic Star Formation, and Quasar Activity
• Simulating Cosmic Reionization at Large Scales II: the 21-cm Emission Features and Statistical Signals
• Fast Large Volume Simulations of the 21 cm Signal from the Reionization and pre-Reionization Epochs
• How rapidly do supermassive black hole "seeds" grow at early times?
• Secondary ionization and heating by fast electrons
• Constraining primordial black holes as dark matter using the global 21-cm signal with X-ray heating and excess radio background
• Emulating Simulations of Cosmic Dawn for 21cm Power Spectrum Constraints on Cosmology, Reionization, and X-ray Heating
• Simulations of Early Baryonic Structure Formation with Stream Velocity: II. The Gas Fraction
• Radiative Feedback from high mass X-ray binaries on the formation of the first galaxies and early reionization
• Cosmic Reionization and the 21-cm signal: Comparison between an analytical model and a simulation
• The simulated 21 cm signal during the epoch of reionization : full modeling of the Ly-alpha pumping
• Simulations of Early Baryonic Structure Formation with Stream Velocity: I. Halo Abundance
• Lyman-alpha radiative transfer during the Epoch of Reionization: contribution to 21-cm signal fluctuations
• Constraining the primordial black hole abundance with 21cm cosmology
• Heating of the intergalactic medium by the cosmic microwave background during cosmic dawn
• A new light on 21 cm intensity fluctuations from the dark ages
• The 21cm Signature of the First Stars
• The Future of Primordial Features with 21 cm Tomography
• Time-evolution of ionization and heating around first stars and miniquasars
• Spin Exchange Rates in Electron-Hydrogen Collisions
• The Equation of State of the Intergalactic Medium After Hydrogen Reionization
• The observational signature of the first H II regions
• The morphology of cosmological reionization by means of Minkowski Functionals
• Signatures of primordial black holes as seeds of supermassive black holes
• Ruling out 3 keV warm dark matter using 21 cm-EDGES data
• The 21 Centimeter Background from the Cosmic Dark Ages: Minihalos and the Intergalactic Medium before Reionization
• Heating of the Intergalactic Medium by Primordial Miniquasars
• Inhomogeneous Helium Reionization and the Equation of State of the Intergalactic Medium
• Leptonic dark matter annihilation in the evolving universe: constraints and implications
• The effect of primordial black holes on 21 cm fluctuations
• Recognizing the First Radiation Sources Through Their 21-cm Signature
• Gas in Simulations of High Redshift Galaxies and Minihalos
• Redshifted 21 Centimeter Emission from Minihalos Before Reionization
• 21-cm constraints on spinning primordial black holes
• The 21 Centimeter Forest
• Cosmological and Astrophysical Parameter Measurements with 21-cm Anisotropies During the Era of Reionization
• The 21-cm Line as a Probe of Reionization
• Probing the effects of primordial black holes on 21-cm EDGES signal along with interacting dark energy and dark matter - baryon scattering
• Small-scale structure and 21cm fluctuations by primordial black holes
• Lyalpha versus X-ray heating in the high-z IGM
• Ly-alpha Radiative Transfer: Monte-Carlo Simulation of the Wouthuysen-Field Effect
• Signatures of clumpy dark matter in the global 21 cm background signal
• The Spin-Resolved Atomic Velocity Distribution and 21-cm Line Profile of Dark-Age Gas
• Contributions of dark matter annihilation to the global 21cm spectrum observed by the EDGES experiment
• The micro-structure of the intergalactic medium I: the 21cm signature from dynamical minihaloes
• Bounds on abundance of primordial black hole and dark matter from EDGES 21-cm signal
• Particle decay in the early universe: predictions for 21 cm
• Radiation from early black holes - I: effects on the neutral inter-galactic medium
• Distinctive rings in the 21 cm signal of the epoch of reionization
• Constraining Mixed Dark-Matter Scenarios of WIMPs and Primordial Black Holes from CMB and 21-cm observations
• Constraints on primordial black holes and curvature perturbations from the global 21cm signal
• Lyalpha heating and its impact on early structure formation
• Detailed modelling of the 21-cm Forest
• 21 cm Forest Constraints on Primordial Black Holes
• Can the 21 cm signal probe Population III and II star formation?
• High-resolution imaging of the cosmic mass distribution from gravitational lensing of pregalactic HI
• X-rays and hard UV radiation From the First Galaxies: Ionization Bubbles and 21 cm Observations
• Angular 21 cm Power Spectrum of a Scaling Distribution of Cosmic String Wakes
• Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe
• 21 cm Angular Power Spectrum from Minihalos as a Probe of Primordial Spectral Runnings
• The role of Pop III stars and early black holes in the 21cm signal from Cosmic Dawn
• The imprint of the cosmic supermassive black hole growth history on the 21 cm background radiation
• Constraints on accreting primordial black holes with the global 21-cm signal
• The abundance of primordial black holes from the global 21cm signal and extragalactic gamma-ray background
• The detectability of strong 21 centimetre forest absorbers from the diffuse intergalactic medium in late reionisation models
• Distinctive 21 cm structures of the first stars, galaxies, and quasars
• The nonlinear evolution of baryonic overdensities in the early universe: Initial conditions of numerical simulations
• The contribution of the IGM and minihalos to the 21 cm signal of reionization
• The 21-cm signals from ultracompact minihalos as a probe of primordial small-scale fluctuations
• Probing primordial non-Gaussianity with 21 cm fluctuations from minihalos
• Influences of accreting primordial black holes on the global 21 cm signal in the dark ages
• Suppression of small baryonic structures due to a primordial magnetic field
• Enlightening the dark ages with dark matter
• Exploring multimessenger signals from heavy dark matter decay with EDGES 21-cm result and IceCube
• Stellar mass dependence of the 21-cm signal around the first star and its impact on the global signal
• Global 21-cm brightness temperature in viscous dark energy models
• Drivers of asymmetry in synthetic H I emission-line profiles of galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• Dark Matter annihilation energy output and its effects on the high-z IGM
• Impact of radiation from primordial black holes on the 21-cm angular-power spectrum in the dark ages
• CMB and 21cm bounds on early structure formation boosted by primordial black hole entropy fluctuations
• Probing the growth of supermassive black holes at z>6 with LOFAR
• Can HI 21 cm line trace the Missing Baryons in the Filamentary Structures?
• Constraining PBH mass distributions from 21cm brightness temperature results and an analytical mapping between probability distribution of 21cm signal and PBH masses
• The Alcock Paczynski test with 21cm intensity field
• Primordial Magnetic Fields in Light of Dark Ages Global 21-cm Signal
• Anisotropies in Cosmological 21 cm Background by Oscillons/I-balls of Ultra-light Axion-like Particle
• Galactic wind X-ray heating of the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization
• A practical theorem on using interferometry to measure the global 21-cm signal
• 21 cm cosmology and spin temperature reduction via spin-dependent dark matter interactions
• Random Primordial Magnetic Fields and the Gas Content of Dark Matter Halos
• Revisiting primordial magnetic fields through 21-cm physics: Bounds and forecasts
• The 21cm Signature of Early Relic \HII Regions
• Signal in the Hyperfine Structure Line of the Ground State of Atomic Hydrogen from the Dark Ages as a Cosmological Test
• Redshifted 21-cm emission signal from the halos in Dark Ages
• High redshift signatures in the 21 cm forest due to cosmic string wakes
• Observational Manifestations of the First Protogalaxies in the 21 cm Line
• Analyzing the 21-cm signal brightness temperature in the Universe with inhomogeneities
• Signatures of particle decay in 21 cm absorptions from first minihalos
• HI absorption from the epoch of reionization and primordial magnetic fields
• The Anomalous 21-cm Absorption at High Redshifts
• Constraining the Hubble parameter with the 21 cm brightness temperature signal in a universe with inhomogeneities
• Probing Non-Minimal Dark Sectors via the 21 cm Line at Cosmic Dawn
• 21 cm Angular Spectrum of Cosmic String Loops
• Survival of Gas in Subhalos and Its Impact on the 21 cm Forest Signals: Insights from Hydrodynamic Simulations
• Confronting global 21-cm signal with ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ symmetric dark matter models
• In Search of Global 21-cm Signal using Artificial Neural Network in light of ARCADE 2
• Influence of the deviation of the matter power spectrum at small scales on the global 21-cm signal at cosmic dawn
• Observing the influence of growing black holes on the pre-reionization IGM
• The Fundamentals of the 21-cm Line
• Cosmological bounds on dark matter annihilation using dark ages 21-cm signal
• Testing the growth of cosmic structures during the Dark Ages