Particle decay in the early universe: predictions for 21 cm

Abstract

The influence of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and decaying dark matter particles on the emission and absorption characteristics of neutral hydrogen in 21 cm at redshifts $z=10-50$ is considered. In presence of UHECRs 21 cm can be seen in absorption with the brightness temperature $T_b=-(5-10)$ mK in the range $z=10-30$. Decayng particles can stimulate a 21 cm signal in emission with $T_b\sim 50-60$ mK at $z=50$, and $T_b\simeq 10$ mK at $z\sim 20$. Characteristics of the fluctuations of the brightness temperature, in particular, its power spectrum are also calculated. The maps of the power spectrum of the brightness temperature on the plane {\it wavenumber-redshift} are shown to be sensitive to the parameters of UHECRs and decaying dark matter. Observational possibilities to detect manifestations of UHECRs and/or decaying particles in 21 cm with the future radio telescopes (LOFAR, 21CMA and SKA), and to distinguish contributions from them are briefly discussed.

arXiv comment10 pages, 9 figures, accepted in MNRAS

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• The 21 cm signal and the interplay between dark matter annihilations and astrophysical processes
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