The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Samples, Observational Techniques and the First Data Release

Abstract

The 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) aims to measure the redshifts of around 150,000 galaxies, and the peculiar velocities of a 15,000-member sub-sample, over almost the entire southern sky. When complete, it will be the largest redshift survey of the nearby universe, reaching out to about z ~ 0.15, and more than an order of magnitude larger than any peculiar velocity survey to date. The targets are all galaxies brighter than K_tot = 12.75 in the 2MASS Extended Source Catalog (XSC), supplemented by 2MASS and SuperCOSMOS galaxies that complete the sample to limits of (H, J, r_F, b_J) = (13.05, 13.75, 15.6, 16.75). Central to the survey is the Six-Degree Field (6dF) multi-fibre spectrograph, an instrument able to record 150 simultaneous spectra over the 5.7-degree field of the UK Schmidt Telescope. An adaptive tiling algorithm has been employed to ensure around 95% fibering completeness over the 17046 sq.deg of the southern sky with | b | > 10 deg. Spectra are obtained in two observations using separate V and R gratings, that together give R ~ 1000 over at least 4000 -- 7500 Angstroms and signal-to-noise ratio ~10 per pixel. The 6dFGS database is available at http://www-wfau.roe.ac.uk/6dFGS/, with public data releases occuring after the completion of each third of the survey.

17 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS. Full resolution version of the paper available at http://www-wfau.roe.ac.uk/6dFGS/ and http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/6dFGS/

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• Probing the Circumstellar Environment of highly luminous type IIn SN ASASSN-14il
• VEXAS: VISTA EXtension to Auxiliary Surveys -- Data Release 2: Machine-learning based classification of sources in the Southern Hemisphere
• An HST/COS Observation of Broad Ly$\alpha$ Emission and Associated Absorption Lines of the BL Lacertae Object H 2356-309
• Model-independent Redshift Estimation of BL Lac Objects through VHE Observations
• An optimised tiling pattern for multi-object spectroscopic surveys: application to the 4MOST survey
• Towards $21$-cm intensity mapping at $z=2.28$ with uGMRT using the tapered gridded estimator -- IV. Wideband analysis
• Are dumbbell brightest cluster members signposts to galaxy cluster activity?
• Powerful Radio Sources in the Southern Sky. I. Optical Identifications
• Chandra observations and classification of AGN-candidates correlated with Auger UHECRs
• A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample; III. Optical spectroscopic properties and activity classification
• New Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the ART-XC and eROSITA Telescopes Onboard the SRG Observatory during an All-Sky X-ray Survey
• Gaussianization of peculiar velocities and bulk flow measurement
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Stellar-to-Dynamical Mass Relation I. Constraining the Precision of Stellar Mass Estimates
• Using the 2-MASS Photometric Redshift Survey to optimize LIGO Follow-Up Observations
• PAC in DESI. I. Galaxy Stellar Mass Function into the $10^6{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ Frontier
• Star Formation in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Probed with AKARI Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
• Astrophysics in 2005
• The Southern 2MASS AGN Survey: spectroscopic follow-up with 6dF
• SkyMapper colours of Seyfert galaxies and Changing-Look AGN
• Application of the MST clustering to the high energy gamma-ray sky. IV - Blazar candidates found as possible counterparts of photon clusters
• The local Universe in the era of large surveys -- II. Multi-wavelength characterisation of activity in nearby S0 galaxies
• Forward modeling of galaxy kinematics in slitless spectroscopy
• High Frequency GPS sources in the AT20G Survey
• The Structure of 2MASS Galaxy Clusters
• Hubble flow variations as a test for inhomogeneous cosmology
• Te-REX: a sample of extragalactic TeV-emitting candidates
• Effects of a Late Gravitational Transition on Gravitational Waves and Anticipated Constraints
• VEXAS: the VISTA EXtension to Auxiliary Surveys -- Data Release 1: the Southern Galactic Hemisphere
• 2MASS Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster Spectroscopic Survey
• Periodic Spectral Modulations Arise from Non-random Spacing of Spectral Absorption Lines
• Long-term AGN variability and the case of GSN 069
• Measuring H0 from the 6dF Galaxy Survey and future low-redshift surveys
• The Gaussian cell two-point "energy-like" equation: Application to large scale galaxy redshift and peculiar motion surveys
• Baryon acoustic scale at $z_{\eff} = 0.166$ with the SDSS blue galaxies
• MaNGA AGN dwarf galaxies (MAD). III. The role of mergers and environment in active galactic nucleus activity in dwarf galaxies
• High-order 2MASS galaxy correlation functions: Probing the primordial density field and the linearity of galaxy bias
• New Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the ART-XC and eROSITA Telescopes during the First Five SRG All-Sky X-ray Surveys
• Discovery of X-shaped Morphology of the Giant Radio Galaxy GRG 0503-286
• Modelling radio luminosity functions of radio-loud AGN by the cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes
• Powerful Radio Sources in the Southern Sky. II. A SWIFT X-Ray Perspective
• Semi-supervised classification of stars, galaxies and quasars using K-means and random-forest approaches
• Spectroscopic study of the [OIII]$\lambda$5007 profile in Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Variability and transient search in the SUDARE-VOICE field: a new method to extract the light curves
• Photometric IGM tomography with Subaru/HSC: the large-scale structure of Ly$\alpha$ emitters and IGM transmission in the COSMOS field at $z\sim 5$
• The hyperplane of early-type galaxies: using stellar population properties to increase the precision and accuracy of the fundamental plane as a distance indicator
• Investigation of Stellar Kinematics and Ionized gas Outflows in Local (U)LIRGs
• Extended Void Merging Tree Algorithm for Self-Similar Models
• A Radio Survey of Seven Southern X-ray Luminous Clusters of Galaxies
• Sky surveys and deep fields of ground-based and space telescopes
• Teaching the Doppler Effect in Astrophysics
• Spectroscopic observations of the machine-learning selected anomaly catalogue from the AllWISE Sky Survey
• Statistical Properties of the Spatial Distribution of Galaxies
• Discovery of a Large Population of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in the Bulge-less Galaxies NGC 337 and ESO 501-23
• Spectrophotometric redshifts for $\mathrm{z}\sim 1$ galaxies and predictions for number densities with WFIRST and Euclid
• The Southern Hemisphere Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Infrared Survey
• Associations of dwarf galaxies in a $\Lambda$CDM Universe
• MUSE-ings on AM1354-250: Collisions, Shocks and Rings
• H.E.S.S. discovery of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission of PKS 1440-389
• Lagrangian Volume Deformations around Simulated Galaxies
• Groups of dwarf galaxies in the Local supercluster
• The XMM-SERVS X-ray eXtended Galaxy Cluster (XVXGC) catalog
• Pulsar B1237+25 Aberration/Retardation Analysis from Decimeter to Decameter Wavelength: Challenge to "Radius-to-Frequency Mapping"
• SEMPER I. Radio Predictions for Star-Forming Galaxies at $0<z<5$
• On the Origin of the Strong Optical Variability of Emission-line Galaxies
• Infrared galaxies detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
• A simulation experiment of a pipeline based on machine learning for neutral hydrogen intensity mapping surveys
• Revisiting the Cosmological Principle in a Cellular Framework
• Revealing the nature of new unidentified INTEGRAL sources
• Color Transformations of Photometric Measurements of Galaxies in Optical and Near-Infrared Wide-Field Imaging Surveys
• Exploring Galaxy Properties of eCALIFA with Contrastive Learning
• Searching for supermassive black holes binaries within SRG/eROSITA-De I: Properties of the X-ray selected candidates
• Pearls on a string: Dark and bright galaxies on a strikingly straight and narrow filament
• Optical counterparts of undetermined type $\gamma$-ray Active Galactic Nuclei with blazar-like Spectral Energy Distributions
• Photometry of Polar-Ring Galaxies
• Gas thermodynamics meets galaxy kinematics: Joint mass measurements for eROSITA galaxy clusters
• Infrared Spectroscopy of Nearby Radio Active Early-Type Galaxies -- II: Spectral Atlas
• Hosts and environments: a (large-scale) radio history of AGN and star-forming galaxies
• Halo detection via large-scale Bayesian inference
• The physical properties of candidate neutrino-emitter blazars
• The 2.4 $\mu$m Galaxy Luminosity Function as Measured Using WISE. II. Sample Selection
• Dynamical Evolution of Voids with Surrounding Gravitational Tidal Field
• Serendipitous Discovery of Warm Absorbers in the Seyfert 2 Galaxy IRAS 18325-5926
• The Manticore Project II: Bayesian digital twins of cosmic structure across the SDSS and BOSS volumes
• HI gas in the rejuvenated radio galaxy PKS 2014-55
• Euclid preparation. 3D reconstruction of the cosmic web with simulated Euclid Deep spectroscopic samples
• The context of the Local Volume: structures and motions in the nearby universe
• Testing Large-Scale Structure Measurements Against Fisher Matrix Predictions
• Optical Variability Structure Function of Low-Luminosity AGN using ATLAS Lightcurves
• Dwarf galaxies in the Antlia Cluster: First results
• The XMM-BCS galaxy cluster survey: I. The X-ray selected cluster catalog from the initial 6 deg${}^2$
• A novel Cosmic Filament catalogue from SDSS data
• A catalogue of Type 2 active galactic nuclei in the 6dF Galaxy Survey