Van der Waals Antiferromagnets: From Early Discoveries to Future Directions in the 2D Limit

Abstract

The emergence of a long-range magnetic order in the atomically thin, two-dimensional (2D) limit has long remained a fundamental question in condensed matter physics. The advent of exfoliable van der Waals (vdW) materials, particularly transition-metal phosphorus trisulfides (T MPS3; T M = Fe, Ni, and Mn), provided the first experimental access to this regime and established a foundational platform for investigating 2D magnetism. The 2016 experimental demonstrations of intrinsic magnetism in monolayer FePS3 provided a platform to test key aspects of 2D Ising criticality in the true 2D limit. It was followed by a rapid growth resulting in a wealth of emergent phenomena arising from the interplay of low-dimensional magnetism and quantum materials. We begin this review with the historical development of vdW antiferromagnets and highlight the key physical insights gained over the past decade. We finish with emerging opportunities in which vdW antiferromagnets can serve as versatile platforms for exploring low-dimensional magnetism and its interplay with other quantum degrees of freedom.

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials for its 50th Anniversary Commemorative Special Issue

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