Carpet-3 detection of a photon-like air shower with estimated primary energy above 100 TeV in a spatial and temporal coincidence with GRB 221009A

Abstract

The brightest cosmic gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected, GRB 221009A, was accompanied by photons of very high energies. These gamma rays may be used to test both the astrophysical models of the burst and our understanding of long-distance propagation of energetic photons, including potential new-physics effects. Here we present the observation of a photon-like air shower with the estimated primary energy of $300_{-38}^{+43}$ TeV, coincident (with the chance probability of $\sim 9\cdot 10^{-3}$) with the GRB in its arrival direction and time. Making use of the upgraded Carpet-3 muon detector and new machine learning analysis, we estimate the probability that the primary was hadronic as $\sim 3\cdot 10^{-4}$. This is the highest-energy event ever associated with any GRB.

11 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (48)

• The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
• Teraelectronvolt emission from the $\gamma$-ray burst GRB 190114C
• A very-high-energy component deep in the Gamma-ray Burst afterglow
• First Detection of sub-PeV Diffuse Gamma Rays from the Galactic Disk: Evidence for Ubiquitous Galactic Cosmic Rays beyond PeV Energies
• Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long $\gamma$-ray burst
• A tera-electronvolt afterglow from a narrow jet in an extremely bright gamma-ray burst 221009A
• Short versus Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: spectra, energetics, and luminosities
• Revealing x-ray and gamma ray temporal and spectral similarities in the GRB 190829A afterglow
• GRB 221009A, The BOAT
• Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow
• An observational determination of the evolving extragalactic background light from the multiwavelength HST/CANDELS survey in the Fermi and CTA era
• Measurement of ultra-high-energy diffuse gamma-ray emission of the Galactic plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A
• Properties of the extremely energetic GRB~221009A from Konus-WIND and SRG/ART-XC observations
• Very high energy gamma-ray emission beyond 10 TeV from GRB 221009A
• GRB 221009A: Discovery of an Exceptionally Rare Nearby and Energetic Gamma-Ray Burst
• The Radio to GeV Afterglow of GRB 221009A
• Limits on Neutrino Emission from GRB 221009A from MeV to PeV using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
• Axion dark matter from first-order phase transition, and very high energy photons from GRB 221009A
• Observability of the very-high-energy emission from GRB 221009A
• Possible Evidence for Lorentz Invariance Violation in Gamma-ray Burst 221009A
• Lorentz invariance violation induced threshold anomaly versus very-high energy cosmic photon emission from GRB 221009A
• The first JWST spectrum of a GRB afterglow: No bright supernova in observations of the brightest GRB of all time, GRB 221009A
• The optical light curve of GRB 221009A: the afterglow and the emerging supernova
• The IXPE view of GRB 221009A
• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray signature in GRB 221009A
• Axion-Photon Conversion of LHAASO Multi-TeV and PeV Photons
• AGILE gamma-ray detection of the exceptional GRB 221009A
• Light speed variation from GRB 221009A
• Neutrino Origin of LHAASO's 18 TeV GRB221009A Photon
• The peak-flux of GRB 221009A measured with GRBAlpha
• Invisible Neutrino Decays as Origin of TeV Gamma Rays from GRB221009A
• Axion-photon conversion of GRB221009A
• GRB 221009A Gamma Rays from Radiative Decay of Heavy Neutrinos?
• Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from the LHAASO observation of GRB 221009A
• Revisiting Lorentz invariance violation from GRB 221009A
• Constraints on Axion-like Particles from the Observation of GRB 221009A by LHAASO
• Towards a model of photon-axion conversion in the host galaxy of GRB 221009A
• Electroweak axion in light of GRB221009A
• Secondary GeV-TeV emission from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays accelerated by GRB 221009A
• Light scalar explanation for 18 TeV GRB 221009A
• Can Sterile Neutrino Explain Very High Energy Photons from GRB221009A?
• Search for astrophysical PeV gamma rays from point sources with Carpet-2
• First constraints on the strength of the extragalactic magnetic field from $\gamma$-ray observations of GRB 221009A
• A delayed 400 GeV photon from GRB 221009A and implication on the intergalactic magnetic field
• Prompt Gamma-Ray Burst Emission from Internal Shocks -- New Insights
• GRB 221009A: Spectral signatures based on ALPs candidates
• Modelling the persistent low-state $\gamma$-ray emission of the PKS 1510-089 blazar with electromagnetic cascades initiated in hadronuclear interactions
• Prospects for detection of the pair-echo emission from TeV gamma-ray bursts

Cited by in corpus (7)

• The 300 TeV photon from GRB 221009A: a Hint at Non-linear Lorentz Invariance Violation?
• Carpet-3 300 TeV Photon Event as an Evidence for Lorentz Violation
• Probes for String-Inspired Foam, Lorentz, and CPT Violations in Astrophysics
• Testing new-physics scenarios with the combined LHAASO and Carpet-3 fluence spectrum of GRB 221009A: axion-like particles and Lorentz-invariance violation
• Axion-photon conversion in stochastic magnetic fields
• Is There New Physics Beyond 30 TeV in the BOAT?
• Modeling the imprints of large-scale magnetized structures on $\gamma$-rays from extragalactic transients