Lessons from Hubble and Spitzer: 1D Self-Consistent Model Grids for 19 Hot Jupiter Emission Spectra
arXiv:2408.06442 · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad5097
Abstract
We present a population-level analysis of the dayside thermal emission spectra of 19 planets observed with Hubble WFC3 and Spitzer IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 microns, spanning equilibrium temperatures 1200-2700 K and 0.7-10.5 Jupiter masses. We use grids of planet-specific 1D, cloud-free, radiative-convective-thermochemical equilibrium models (1D-RCTE) combined with a Bayesian inference framework to estimate atmospheric metallicity, the carbon-to-oxygen ratio, and day-to-night heat redistribution. In general, we find that the secondary eclipse data cannot reject the physics encapsulated within the 1D-RCTE assumption parameterized with these three variables. We find a large degree of scatter in atmospheric metallicities, with no apparent trend, and carbon-to-oxygen ratios that are mainly consistent with solar or subsolar values but do not exhibit population agreement. Together, these indicate either (1) formation pathways vary over the hot and ultra-hot Jupiter population and/or (2) more accurate composition measurements are needed to identify trends. We also find a broad scatter in derived dayside temperatures that do not demonstrate a trend with equilibrium temperature. Like with composition estimates, this suggests either significant variability in climate drivers over the population and/or more precise dayside temperature measurements are needed to identify a trend. We anticipate that 1D-RCTE models will continue to provide valuable insights into the nature of exoplanet atmospheres in the era of JWST.
arXiv commentPublished in The Astrophysical Journal
References in corpus (115)
- Interstellar Dust Grains
- A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
- X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
- The effects of snowlines on C/O in planetary atmospheres
- Planetary Radii across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits
- A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion
- A Unified Theory for the Atmospheres of the Hot and Very Hot Jupiters: Two Classes of Irradiated Atmospheres
- Atmospheric Circulation and Tides of "51Peg b-like" Planets
- Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves
- Abundances of the elements in the solar system
- C/O ratio as a Dimension for Characterizing Exoplanetary Atmospheres
- A Possible Bifurcation in Atmospheres of Strongly Irradiated Stars and Planets
- The Mass-Metallicity Relation for Giant Planets
- A Precise Water Abundance Measurement for the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b
- The imprint of exoplanet formation history on observable present-day spectra of hot Jupiters
- A Systematic Retrieval Analysis of Secondary Eclipse Spectra I: A Comparison of Atmospheric Retrieval Techniques
- Exoplanetary Atmospheres: Key Insights, Challenges and Prospects
- High C/O Ratio and Weak Thermal Inversion in the Very Hot Atmosphere of Exoplanet WASP-12b
- 3.6 and 4.5 Micron Phase Curves and Evidence for Non-Equilibrium Chemistry in the Atmosphere of Extrasolar Planet HD 189733b
- Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM
- Transitions in the cloud composition of hot Jupiters
- A Framework for Characterizing the Atmospheres of Low-Mass Low-Density Transiting Planets
- H- Opacity and Water Dissociation in the Dayside Atmosphere of the Very Hot Gas Giant WASP-18 b
- Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. III. Additional planets and stellar models
- Towards Chemical Constraints on Hot Jupiter Migration
- Early Release Science of the Exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H
- Equilibrium chemistry down to 100 K - Impact of silicates and phyllosilicates on carbon/oxygen ratio
- Extremely Irradiated Hot Jupiters: Non-Oxide Inversions, H- Opacity, and Thermal Dissociation of Molecules
- Chemical enrichment of giant planets and discs due to pebble drift
- On the Radii of Close-in Giant Planets
- Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS
- Mass-Metallicity Trends in Transiting Exoplanets from Atmospheric Abundances of HO, Na, and K
- Global Climate and Atmospheric Composition of the Ultra-Hot Jupiter WASP-103b from HST and Spitzer Phase Curve Observations
- On the Cool Side: Modeling the Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets
- Thermal Phase Variations of WASP-12b: Defying Predictions
- Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Dayside-Nightside Temperature Differences
- Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam
- Atmospheric Heat Redistribution on Hot Jupiters
- TauREx III: A fast, dynamic and extendable framework for retrievals
- Spitzer Phase Curve Constraints for WASP-43b at 3.6 and 4.5 microns
- No Thermal Inversion and a Solar Water Abundance for the Hot Jupiter HD209458b from HST WFC3 Emission Spectroscopy
- The Atmospheric Circulation of the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b: Comparing Three-Dimensional Models to Spectrophotometric Data
- A reflective, metal-rich atmosphere for GJ 1214b from its JWST phase curve
- Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. V. New results for 38 planets
- H2O abundances in the atmospheres of three hot Jupiters
- New Analysis Indicates No Thermal Inversion in the Atmosphere of HD 209458b
- The Atmospheric Circulation of Ultra-hot Jupiters
- A broadband thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b
- Spitzer 3.6 micron and 4.5 micron full-orbit lightcurves of WASP-18
- 3.6 and 4.5 m Phase Curves of the Highly-Irradiated Hot Jupiters WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b
- Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b with ESPRESSO
- HAT-P-39b--HAT-P-41b: Three Highly Inflated Transiting Hot Jupiters
- Three irradiated and bloated hot Jupiters: WASP-76b, WASP-82b & WASP-90b
- Evolution of Migrating Planets Undergoing Gas Accretion
- Treatment of overlapping gaseous absorption with the correlated-k method in hot Jupiter and brown dwarf atmosphere models
- Connecting Giant Planet Atmosphere and Interior Modeling: Constraints on Atmospheric Metal Enrichment
- The cloudy shape of hot Jupiter thermal phase curves
- Hot Jupiters: Origins, Structure, Atmospheres
- Aerosols in Exoplanet Atmospheres
- Deciphering the Atmospheric Composition of WASP-12b: A Comprehensive Analysis of its Dayside Emission
- Phase curves of WASP-33b and HD 149026b and a New Correlation Between Phase Curve Offset and Irradiation Temperature
- Determination of Three-dimensional Spin-orbit Angle with Joint Analysis of Asteroseismology, Transit Lightcurve, and the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect: Cases of HAT-P-7 and Kepler-25
- A HST/WFC3 Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b
- Evidence for a Dayside Thermal Inversion and High Metallicity for the Hot Jupiter WASP-18b
- Statistical Characterization of Hot Jupiter Atmospheres using Spitzer's Secondary Eclipses
- Five key exoplanet questions answered via the analysis of 25 hot Jupiter atmospheres in eclipse
- WASP-77 Ab: A transiting hot Jupiter planet in a wide binary system
- Transit Timing Variation Measurements of WASP-12b and Qatar-1b: No Evidence for Additional Planets
- Understanding and Mitigating Biases when Studying Inhomogeneous Emission Spectra with JWST
- Warm Spitzer Photometry of the Transiting Exoplanets CoRoT-1 and CoRoT-2 at Secondary Eclipse
- Rossiter--McLaughlin models and their effect on estimates of stellar rotation, illustrated using six WASP systems
- The Emergent 1.1-1.7 Micron Spectrum of the Exoplanet CoRoT-2b as Measured Using the Hubble Space Telescope
- Water vapor in the spectrum of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b: 2. The eclipse
- The SPHINX M-dwarf Spectral Grid. I. Benchmarking New Model Atmospheres to Derive Fundamental M-Dwarf Properties
- Chemistry of Low Mass Substellar Objects
- A Characteristic Transmission Spectrum dominated by HO applies to the majority of HST/WFC3 exoplanet observations
- Analysis of Spitzer Spectra of Irradiated Planets: Evidence for Water Vapor?
- A unique hot Jupiter spectral sequence with evidence for compositional diversity
- Evidence for H Dissociation and Recombination Heat Transport in the Atmosphere of KELT-9b
- Secondary Eclipse Photometry of WASP-4b with Warm Spitzer
- Spectra of Earth-like Planets Through Geological Evolution Around FGKM Stars
- Giant Planets
- The Broadband Infrared Emission Spectrum of the Exoplanet TrES-3
- Atmospheric Characterization of 5 Hot Jupiters with Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope
- Atmospheric Retrieval of Exoplanets
- A transition between the hot and the ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres
- A Comprehensive Reanalysis of 's 4.5 m Phase Curves, and the Phase Variations of the Ultra-hot Jupiters MASCARA-1b and KELT-16b
- A Library of Self-Consistent Simulated Exoplanet Atmospheres
- Ground- and Space-based Detection of the Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Transiting Hot Jupiter KELT-2Ab
- H and He I absorption in HAT-P-32 b observed with CARMENES -- Detection of Roche lobe overflow and mass loss
- High atmospheric metal enrichment for a Saturn-mass planet
- Awesome SOSS: Atmospheric Characterisation of WASP-96 b using the JWST Early Release Observations
- The Metal-Rich Atmosphere of the Neptune HAT-P-26b
- The Hubble PanCET program: Transit and Eclipse Spectroscopy of the Strongly Irradiated Giant Exoplanet WASP-76b
- Exoplanet phase curves: observations and theory
- Characterization of the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32Ab and the M-dwarf companion HAT-P-32B
- Hubble PanCET: An isothermal day-side atmosphere for the bloated gas-giant HAT-P-32Ab
- On the Application of Bayesian Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation to Exoplanet Atmospheric Analysis
- Fully scalable forward model grid of exoplanet transmission spectra
- Transmission Spectroscopy of WASP-79b from 0.6 to 5.0 m
- Alfnoor: A Retrieval Simulation of the Ariel Target List
- Aluminium oxide in the atmosphere of hot Jupiter WASP-43b
- Pseudo-2D Modelling of Heat Redistribution Through H Thermal Dissociation/Recombination: Consequences for Ultra-Hot Jupiters
- High-precision multi-wavelength eclipse photometry of the ultra-hot gas giant exoplanet WASP-103 b
- The geometric albedo of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b measured with CHEOPS
- A Catalogue of Exoplanet Atmospheric Retrieval Codes
- Integrating light-curve and atmospheric modelling of transiting exoplanets
- Physical properties and transmission spectrum of the WASP-74 planetary system from multi-band photometry
- The phase curve and the geometric albedo of WASP-43b measured with CHEOPS, TESS and HST WFC3/UVIS
- Confirmation of Water Absorption in the Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter WASP-77Ab with HST/WFC3
- Estimating precipitation on early Mars using a radiative-convective model of the atmosphere and comparison with inferred runoff from geomorphology
- Atmospheric Characterization of Hot Jupiter CoRoT-1 b Using the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope
- Why is it So Hot in Here? Exploring Population Trends in Thermal Emission Observations of Hot Jupiters using Planet-Specific Self-Consistent Atmospheric Models
- How do we optimally sample model grids of exoplanet spectra?
- HORuS transmission spectroscopy and revised planetary parameters of KELT-7b