ZTF SN Ia DR2: Colour standardisation of Type Ia Supernovae and its dependence on environment

Abstract

As type Ia supernova (SN Ia) cosmology transitions from a statistics-dominated to a systematics-dominated era, it is crucial to understand the remaining unexplained uncertainties that affect their luminosity, such as those stemming from astrophysical biases. SNe Ia are standardisable candles whose absolute magnitude reaches a scatter of 0.15 mag when empirical correlations with their light-curve stretch and colour and with their environment are accounted for. We investigate the dependence of the standardisation process of SNe Ia on the astrophysical environment, focusing on colour standardisation. We used the volume-limited ZTF SN Ia DR2 sample, which offers unprecedented statistics for the low-redshift ($z<0.06$) range. We first studied the colour distribution, to then select a dustless subsample of objects. We then examined the colour-residual relation and its associated parameter $\beta$. Finally, we investigated the colour dependence of the environment-dependent magnitude offsets (steps) to separate their intrinsic and extrinsic components. Our sample of nearly 1,000 SNe probes the red tail of the colour distribution up to $c=0.8$. The dustless sample exhibits a significantly shorter red tail ($4.3\sigma$) than the whole sample, but the distributions around $c\sim 0$ are similar for both samples. This suggests that the reddening above $c\ge 0.2$ is dominated by interstellar dust absorption of the host. The colour-residual relation is linear with SN colour. We found indications of a potential evolution of $\beta$ with the stellar host mass, with $\beta \sim 3.6$ for low-mass galaxies, compared to $\beta =3.05\pm 0.06$ for the full sample. Finally, in contrast to recent claims from the literature, we found no evolution of steps as a function of SN colour. This suggests that dust may not be the dominating mechanism for the dependence on the environment of the magnitude of SNe Ia.

arXiv comment10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

References in corpus (63)

• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed Type Ia Supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from The Combined Pantheon Sample
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
• Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Science Objectives
• Improved Distances to Type Ia Supernovae with Multicolor Light Curve Shapes: MLCS2k2
• The Supernova Legacy Survey 3-year sample: Type Ia Supernovae photometric distances and cosmological constraints
• Dust Attenuation Curves in the Local Universe: Demographics and New Laws for Star-forming Galaxies and High-redshift Analogs
• Measurements of the Hubble Constant: Tensions in Perspective
• Rates and properties of type Ia supernovae as a function of mass and star-formation in their host galaxies
• Hubble Residuals of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae Are Correlated with Host Galaxy Masses
• The CALIFA survey across the Hubble sequence: Spatially resolved stellar population properties in galaxies
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Observing System
• The Effect of Host Galaxies on Type Ia Supernovae in the SDSS-II Supernova Survey
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): mass-size relations of z$<$0.1 galaxies subdivided by Sérsic index, colour and morphology
• Evidence of Environmental Dependencies of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory indicated by Local Hα
• Host Galaxy Properties and Hubble Residuals of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory
• Evidence for Two Distinct Populations of Type Ia Supernovae
• Type Ia Supernova Light Curve Inference: Hierarchical Models in the Optical and Near Infrared
• It's Dust: Solving the Mysteries of the Intrinsic Scatter and Host-Galaxy Dependence of Standardized Type Ia Supernova Brightnesses
• A Universal Neutral Gas Profile for Nearby Disk Galaxies
• Measuring the Hubble constant with Type Ia supernovae as near-infrared standard candles
• Low R_v from circumstellar dust around supernovae
• The GROWTH Marshal: A Dynamic Science Portal for Time-Domain Astronomy
• Strong Dependence of Type Ia Supernova Standardization on the Local Specific Star Formation Rate
• Dust around Type Ia supernovae
• Dependence of Type Ia supernova luminosities on their local environment
• Host Galaxy Identification for Supernova Surveys
• Diversity in extinction laws of Type Ia supernovae measured between $0.2$ and $2\mu \mathrm{m}$
• UNITY: Confronting Supernova Cosmology's Statistical and Systematic Uncertainties in a Unified Bayesian Framework
• Characterizing Dust Attenuation in Local Star Forming Galaxies: UV and Optical Reddening
• The colour-lightcurve shape relation of Type Ia supernovae and the reddening law
• Progenitors of type Ia supernovae
• The Effect of Environment on Type Ia Supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey Three-Year Cosmological Sample
• Improved Treatment of Host-Galaxy Correlations in Cosmological Analyses With Type Ia Supernovae
• Near-infrared observations of type Ia supernovae: The best known standard candle for cosmology
• The Type Ia Supernova Color-Magnitude Relation and Host Galaxy Dust: A Simple Hierarchical Bayesian Model
• Redshift evolution of the underlying type Ia supernova stretch distribution
• The Carnegie Supernova Project-I: Correlation Between Type Ia Supernovae and Their Host Galaxies from Optical to Near-Infrared Bands
• Cosmological Results from the RAISIN Survey: Using Type Ia Supernovae in the Near Infrared as a Novel Path to Measure the Dark Energy Equation of State
• Environmental Dependence of Type Ia Supernova Luminosities from a Sample without a Local-Global Difference in Host Star Formation
• Near-IR Type Ia SN distances: host galaxy extinction and mass-step corrections revisited
• Type Ia Supernova Properties as a Function of the Distance to the Host Galaxy in the SDSS-II SN Survey
• A Revised SALT2 Surface for Fitting Type Ia Supernova Light Curves
• Accuracy of environmental tracers and consequence for determining the Type Ia Supernovae magnitude step
• Concerning Colour: The Effect of Environment on Type Ia Supernova Colour in the Dark Energy Survey
• GAMA/H-ATLAS: The Local Dust Mass Function and Cosmic Density as a Function of Galaxy Type - A Benchmark for Models of Galaxy Evolution
• A galaxy-driven model of type Ia supernova luminosity variations
• Further evidence that galaxy age drives observed type Ia supernova luminosity differences
• Are Type Ia Supernovae in Restframe $H$ Brighter in More Massive Galaxies?
• High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova Has a Unique Host Environment
• An updated measurement of the Hubble constant from near-infrared observations of Type Ia supernovae
• Far-reaching Dust Distribution in Galaxy Disks
• The effects of varying colour-luminosity relations on supernova science
• A Sample of Dust Attenuation Laws for DES Supernova Host Galaxies
• Constraining R${}_V$ Variation Using Highly Reddened Type Ia Supernovae from the Pantheon+ Sample
• Populations of Neutron Star Ultraluminous X-ray Sources: Mind your b's and B's
• Repeated pattern of $\gamma$-ray flares in the blazar PKS 1502+106 coincident with the IC190730A neutrino event
• New Insights with XRISM & Cloudy: A novel Column Density Diagnostic

Cited by in corpus (11)

• ZTF SN Ia DR2: Environmental dependencies of stretch and luminosity of a volume limited sample of 1,000 Type Ia Supernovae
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: Evidence of Changing Dust Distributions With Redshift Using Type Ia Supernovae
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: Properties of the low-mass host galaxies of Type Ia supernovae in a volume-limited sample
• Stretch to stretch, dust to dust: lower-value local $H_0$ measurement from two-population modelling of type Ia supernovae
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: Impact of the galaxy cluster environment on the stretch distribution of Type Ia supernovae
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: Improved SN Ia colors through expanded dimensionality with SALT3+
• ZTF SN Ia DR2 follow-up: Exploring the origin of the Type Ia supernova host galaxy step through Si II velocities
• Analytic Marginalization over Binary Variables in Physics Data
• CIGaRS I: Combined simulation-based inference from type Ia supernovae and host photometry
• Diverse reddening distributions in sight lines to type Ia supernovae
• FlowSN: Neural Simulation-Based Inference under Realistic Selection Effects applied to Supernova Cosmology