Evidence for Two Distinct Populations of Type Ia Supernovae

Abstract

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have been used as excellent standardizable candles for measuring cosmic expansion, but their progenitors are still elusive. Here we report that the spectral diversity of SNe Ia is tied to their birthplace environments. We find that those with high-velocity ejecta are substantially more concentrated in the inner and brighter regions of their host galaxies than are normal-velocity SNe Ia. Furthermore, the former tend to inhabit larger and more-luminous hosts. These results suggest that high-velocity SNe Ia likely originate from relatively younger and more metal-rich progenitors than normal-velocity SNe Ia, and are restricted to galaxies with substantial chemical evolution.

arXiv commentTo appear in Science

References in corpus (39)

• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology
• The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Long gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernovae have different environments
• The 2MASS Redshift Survey - Description and Data Release
• Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. III. The Rate-Size Relation, and the Rates as a Function of Galaxy Hubble Type and Colour
• Supernova 2011fe from an Exploding Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarf Star
• Two populations of progenitors for type Ia SNe?
• The Atlas3D project -- IV: the molecular gas content of early-type galaxies
• Detection of circumstellar material in a normal Type Ia Supernova
• The diversity of Type Ia Supernovae: evidence for systematics?
• SN 2002cx: The Most Peculiar Known Type Ia Supernova
• The Type Ia Supernova Rate
• Berkeley Supernova Ia Program I: Observations, Data Reduction, and Spectroscopic Sample of 582 Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
• Constraints on the Progenitor System of the Type Ia Supernova SN 2011fe/PTF11kly
• The Distribution Of Heavy Elements In Spiral And Elliptical Galaxies
• A Compact Degenerate Primary-Star Progenitor of SN 2011fe
• Improved Distances to Type Ia Supernovae with Two Spectroscopic Subclasses
• The Spectroscopic Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae
• An asymmetric explosion as the origin of spectral evolution diversity in type Ia supernovae
• Circumstellar Material in Type Ia Supernovae via Sodium Absorption Features
• Type Ia Supernovae: Their Origin and Possible Applications in Cosmology
• Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and Type Ic Core Collapse Supernovae Have Similar Locations in Hosts
• Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. I. The Methods and Database
• Metallicity Effects in NLTE Model Atmospheres of Type Ia Supernovae
• A Second Case of Variable Na I D Lines in a Highly-Reddened Type Ia Supernova (with Erratum)
• Variable Sodium Absorption in a Low-Extinction Type Ia Supernova
• Evolution of 3-9 Mo Stars for Z=0.001 - 0.03 and Metallicity Effects on Type Ia Supernovae
• SN 2003du: Signatures of the Circumstellar Environment in a Normal Type Ia Supernova?
• A Swift Look at SN 2011fe: The Earliest Ultraviolet Observations of a Type Ia Supernova
• A New Method for Isolating M31 Red Giant Stars: The Discovery of Stars out to a Radial Distance of 165 Kiloparsecs
• Spectropolarimetric diagnostics of thermonuclear supernova explosions
• Linking Type Ia Supernova Progenitors and their Resulting Explosions
• The first binary star evolution model producing a Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf
• The Unification of Asymmetry Signatures of Type Ia Supernovae
• The helium star donor channel for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae with different metallicities

Cited by in corpus (132)

• Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples
• Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Observational clues to the progenitors of Type-Ia supernovae
• The Evolution of Compact Binary Star Systems
• An Open Catalog for Supernova Data
• The Locations of Short Gamma-ray Bursts as Evidence for Compact Object Binary Progenitors
• On the Source of the Dust Extinction in Type Ia Supernovae and the Discovery of Anomalously Strong Na I Absorption
• The Carnegie Supernova Project: Intrinsic Colors of Type Ia Supernovae
• Interstellar Extinction Curve Variations Toward the Inner Milky Way: A Challenge to Observational Cosmology
• Mass-accreting white dwarfs and type Ia supernovae
• Diversity in extinction laws of Type Ia supernovae measured between $0.2$ and $2\mu \mathrm{m}$
• The Very Young Type Ia Supernova 2013dy: Discovery, and Strong Carbon Absorption in Early-Time Spectra
• Exploring the spectral diversity of low-redshift Type Ia supernovae using the Palomar Transient Factory
• Optical Observations of the Type Ia Supernova 2011fe in M101 for Nearly 500 Days
• Measuring nickel masses in Type Ia supernovae using cobalt emission in nebular phase spectra
• A High-Resolution View of Fast Radio Burst Host Environments
• Photometric and Spectroscopic Properties of Type Ia Supernova 2018oh with Early Excess Emission from the $Kepler$ 2 Observations
• Searching for swept-up Hydrogen and Helium in the late-time spectra of 11 nearby Type Ia supernovae
• High-Velocity Features in Type Ia Supernova Spectra
• Statistical studies of supernova environments
• Supernova spectra below strong circum-stellar interaction
• Hubble Space Telescope and Ground-Based Observations of the Type Iax Supernovae SN 2005hk and SN 2008A
• Optical and Ultraviolet Observations of the Narrow-Lined Type Ia SN 2012fr in NGC 1365
• A review of type Ia supernova spectra
• Grouping Normal Type Ia Supernovae by UV to Optical Color Differences
• Luminosity distributions of Type Ia Supernovae
• Extending the supernova Hubble diagram to z~1.5 with the Euclid space mission
• Type Ia Supernova Spectral Features in the Context of Their Host Galaxy Properties
• Signatures of A Companion Star in Type Ia Supernovae
• Delayed Circumstellar Interaction for Type Ia SN 2015cp Revealed by an HST Ultraviolet Imaging Survey
• Multi-Epoch High-Spectral-Resolution Observations of Neutral Sodium in 14 Type Ia Supernovae
• Supernovae and their host galaxies - III. The impact of bars and bulges on the radial distribution of supernovae in disc galaxies
• The Silicon and Calcium High-Velocity Features in Type Ia Supernovae from Early to Maximum Phases
• On the environments of type Ia supernovae within host galaxies
• Time-Varying Potassium in High-Resolution Spectra of the Type Ia Supernova 2014J
• The Cold and Dusty Circumstellar Matter around Fast-expanding Type Ia Supernovae
• Berkeley Supernova Ia Program: Data Release of 637 Spectra from 247 Type Ia Supernovae
• On the evolution of rotating accreting white dwarfs and type Ia supernovae
• Type Ia Supernova Colors and Ejecta Velocities: Hierarchical Bayesian Regression with Non-Gaussian Distributions
• Search for surviving companions in type Ia supernova remnants
• SN 2013aa and SN 2017cbv: Two Sibling Type Ia Supernovae in the spiral galaxy NGC 5643
• Constraining the Progenitor System of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx
• On the Lira law and the nature of extinction towards Type Ia Supernovae
• Optical Observations of the Type Ic Supernova 2007gr in NGC 1058 and Implications for the Properties of its Progenitor
• Exploring the spectroscopic diversity of type Ia supernovae with DRACULA: a machine learning approach
• High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova Has a Unique Host Environment
• Prediction of Supernova Rates in Known Galaxy-galaxy Strong-lens Systems
• Carnegie Supernova Project: Classification of Type Ia Supernovae
• Measurement of the core-collapse progenitor mass distribution of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The Oxygen Features in Type Ia Supernovae and the Implications for the Nature of Thermonuclear Explosions
• An Empirical Fitting Method to Type Ia Supernova Light Curves. III. A Three-Parameter Relationship: Peak Magnitude, Rise Time, and Photospheric Velocity
• Type Ia Supernovae: Colors, Rates, and Progenitors
• Observations of the Very Young Type Ia Supernova 2019np with Early-excess Emission
• Type Ia SN 2019ein: New Insights into the Similarities and diversities among High-Velocity SNe Ia
• Super-Eddington wind scenario for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae: Accreting He-rich matter onto white dwarfs
• Measuring an off-Center Detonation through Infrared Line Profiles: The peculiar Type Ia Supernova SN~2020qxp/ASASSN-20jq
• The effects of varying colour-luminosity relations on supernova science
• The Delay Times of Type Ia Supernova
• Nuclear processes in Astrophysics: Recent progress
• A Possible Distance Bias for Type Ia Supernovae with Different Ejecta Velocities
• Can Helium-detonation Model Explain the Observed Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae?
• UV-Optical Observation of Type Ia Supernova SN 2013dy in NGC 7250
• Extensive search for bias in SNIa data
• Spectroscopic Studies of Type Ia Supernovae Using LSTM Neural Networks
• Supernovae and their host galaxies - V. The vertical distribution of supernovae in disc galaxies
• The outcomes of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs accreting CO-rich material
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: Colour standardisation of Type Ia Supernovae and its dependence on environment
• A Luminous Peculiar Type Ia Supernova SN 2011hr: More Like SN 1991T or SN 2007if?
• The Foundation Supernova Survey: Photospheric Velocity Correlations in Type Ia Supernovae
• Accreting CO material onto ONe white dwarfs towards accretion-induced collapse
• Comparative Analysis of SN 2012dn Optical Spectra: Days -14 to +114
• Discovery and Follow-up Observations of the Young Type Ia Supernova 2016coj
• The origin and evolution of the normal Type Ia SN 2018aoz with infant-phase reddening and excess emission
• SN 2000cx and SN 2013bh: Extremely Rare, Nearly Twin Type Ia Supernovae
• Supernovae and their host galaxies -- VI. Normal Type Ia and 91bg-like supernovae in ellipticals
• Optical and Near-Infrared Observations of the Nearby Type Ia Supernova 2017cbv
• SN 2011fe: A Laboratory for Testing Models of Type Ia Supernovae
• Observations of Type Ia Supernova 2014J for Nearly 900 Days and Constraints on Its Progenitor System
• Physics of Thermonuclear Explosions: Magnetic Field Effects on Deflagration Fronts and Observable Consequences
• The Galactic neutron star population I - an extragalactic view of the Milky Way and the implications for fast radio bursts
• The core-degenerate scenario for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae
• Merging of a CO WD and a He-rich white dwarf to produce a type Ia supernovae
• Constraints on the physical properties of Type Ia supernovae from photometry
• SN 2012ij: A low-luminosity type Ia supernova and evidence for continuous distribution from 91bg-like explosion to normal ones
• Nebular-Phase Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae from the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Supernova Project
• A Sample of Dust Attenuation Laws for DES Supernova Host Galaxies
• Optical observations of a SN 2002cx-like peculiar supernova SN 2013en in UGC 11369
• SN 2017cfd: A Normal Type Ia Supernova Discovered Very Young
• Dependence on supernovae light-curve processing in void models
• Optical Observations of the 2002cx-like Supernova 2014ek, and Characterizations of SNe Iax
• The radial distribution of supernovae compared to star formation tracers
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: The spectral diversity of Type Ia supernovae in a volume-limited sample
• Cosmic Type Ia SN rate and constraints on SN Ia progenitors
• SNe Ia as a cosmological probe
• The Ultraviolet Colors of Type Ia Supernovae and their Photospheric Velocities
• A Probabilistic Autoencoder for Type Ia Supernovae Spectral Time Series
• A Polarization Sequence for Type Ia Supernovae?
• Distribution of Si II $\lambda$6355 Velocities of Type Ia Supernovae and Implications for Asymmetric Explosions
• Is the X-ray pulsating companion of HD 49798 a possible type Ia supernova progenitor?
• Artificial Intelligence Assisted Inversion (AIAI) of Synthetic Type Ia Supernova Spectra
• Type Ia Supernova Progenitor Properties and Their Host Galaxies
• A study of Si II and S II features in spectra of Type Ia supernova
• Optical Observations of the Nearby Type Ia Supernova 2021hpr
• Photometric study of the late-time near-infrared plateau in Type Ia supernovae
• The effect of aspherical stellar wind of giant stars on the symbiotic channel of type Ia supernovae
• The Environments of Fast Radio Bursts Viewed Using Adaptive Optics
• Possible Circumstellar Interaction Origin of the Early Excess Emission in Thermonuclear Supernovae
• SN 2019ein: A Type Ia Supernova Likely Originated from a Sub-Chandrasekhar-Mass Explosion
• High-velocity feature as the indicator of the stellar population of Type Ia supernovae
• Light curve properties of SN 2017fgc and HV SNe Ia
• SN 2017hpa: A Nearby Carbon-Rich Type Ia Supernova with a Large Velocity Gradient
• Observations of A Fast-Expanding and UV-Bright Type Ia Supernova SN 2013gs
• Binary population synthesis for the core-degenerate scenario of type Ia supernova progenitors
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: Properties of the low-mass host galaxies of Type Ia supernovae in a volume-limited sample
• A super-Eddington wind scenario for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae: binary population synthesis calculations
• Narrow Transient Absorptions in Late-Time Optical Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae: Evidence for Large Clumps of Iron-Rich Ejecta?
• SN 2014J in M82: New Insights On the Spectral Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae
• Merging White Dwarf Binaries Produce Type Ia Supernovae in Elliptical Galaxies
• The environments of Type Ia supernovae with different relative equivalent width of Si II feature in their spectra
• Past and future of the central double-degenerate core of Henize 2-428
• ZTF SN Ia DR2 follow-up: Exploring the origin of the Type Ia supernova host galaxy step through Si II velocities
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: Improved SN Ia colors through expanded dimensionality with SALT3+
• Into the third dimension: stochastic measurements of Stokes parameters within the Poincaré sphere
• SN 2021hpr: A Normal Type Ia Supernova Showing Excess Emission in the Early Rising Phase
• Normal or transitional? The evolution and properties of two type Ia supernovae in the Virgo cluster
• Calcium versus silicon ejecta velocities and decline rates in supernovae Ia: The role of high-velocity features
• Puzzling High-Velocity Calcium Absorption Features Of Type Ia Supernovae
• SN 2017fgc: A Fast-Expanding Type Ia Supernova Exploded in Massive Shell Galaxy NGC 474
• Cosmic Chandlery with Thermonuclear Supernovae
• SN 2021pfs: A Type Ia Supernova Likely Affected by Progenitor Metallicity, as Revealed by Comparison with Its Twin Counterpart
• An imaging polarimetry survey of Type Ia supernovae: are peculiar extinction and polarization properties produced by circumstellar or interstellar matter?
• Diversity of Type Ia supernova optical light curves among different spectroscopic subclasses