A Study of Primordial Very Massive Star Evolution

Abstract

We present new evolutionary models of primordial very massive stars, with initial masses ranging from $100{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ to $1000{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, that extend from the main sequence until the onset of dynamical instability caused by the creation of electron-positron pairs during core C, Ne, or O burning, depending on the star's mass and metallicity. Mass loss accounts for radiation-driven winds as well as pulsation-driven mass-loss on the main sequence and during the red supergiant phase. After examining the evolutionary properties, we focus on the final outcome of the models and associated compact remnants. Stars that avoid the pair-instability supernova channel, should produce black holes with masses ranging from $\approx 40{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ to $\approx 1000{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. In particular, stars with initial masses of about $100{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ could leave black holes of $\simeq 85-90{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, values consistent with the estimated primary black hole mass of the GW190521 merger event. Overall, these results may contribute to explain future data from next-generation gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, which will have access to as-yet unexplored BH mass range of $\approx 10^2-10^4{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ in the early universe.

14 pages, 9 figures; zenodo link for wind ejecta tables

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• Analytic, dust-independent mass-loss rates for red supergiant winds initiated by turbulent pressure
• Explosion and nucleosynthesis of low redshift pair instability supernovae
• Pulsational pair-instability supernovae: gravitational collapse, black-hole formation, and beyond
• Pulsations of red supergiant pair-instability supernova progenitors leading to extreme mass loss
• Resolving The Peak Of The Black Hole Mass Spectrum
• Very Massive Stars in High-Redshift Galaxies
• The impact of very massive stars on the chemical evolution of extremely metal-poor galaxies
• The hydrogen clock to infer the upper stellar mass
• Premerger localization of intermediate mass binary black holes with LISA and prospects of joint observations with Athena and LSST

Cited by in corpus (15)

• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Very Massive Stars and Pair-Instability Supernovae: Mass-loss Framework for low Metallicity
• Evolutionary tracks, ejecta, and ionizing photons from intermediate-mass to very massive stars with PARSEC
• Massive binary black holes from Population II and III stars
• Rapidly rotating Population III stellar models as a source of primary nitrogen
• Gravitational waves from mergers of Population III binary black holes: roles played by two evolution channels
• A Study of Primordial Very Massive Star Evolution. II. Stellar Rotation and Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors
• The Extremely Metal-Poor SN 2023ufx: A Local Analog to High-Redshift Type II Supernovae
• Enhanced Mass Loss of Very Massive Stars: Impact on the Evolution, Binary Processes, and Remnant Mass Spectrum
• Effects of chemically homogeneous evolution of the first stars on the 21-cm signal and reionization
• Impacts of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{\left(\alpha ,\gamma \right)}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction rate on ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ nucleosynthesis in pair-instability supernovae
• Impact of Population III stars on the astrophysical gravitational-wave background
• Evolutionary models for the Very Massive Stars in the R136 cluster of 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Ultraviolet photon production rates of the first stars: Impact on the He II $\lambda$ 1640 Å emission line from primordial star clusters and the 21-cm signal from cosmic dawn
• Signatures of Exploding Supermassive PopIII Stars at High Redshift in JWST, EUCLID and Roman Space Telescope