The Orbital Architecture of Qatar-6: A Fully Aligned 3-Body System?

Abstract

The evolutionary history of an extrasolar system is, in part, fossilized through its planets' orbital orientations relative to the host star's spin axis. However, spin-orbit constraints for warm Jupiters -- particularly in binary star systems, which are amenable to a wide range of dynamical processes -- are relatively scarce. We report a measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, observed with the Keck/HIRES spectrograph, across the transit of Qatar-6 A b: a warm Jupiter orbiting one star within a binary system. From this measurement, we obtain a sky-projected spin-orbit angle $\lambda ={0.1\pm 2.6}^{\circ }$. Combining this new constraint with the stellar rotational velocity of Qatar-6 A that we measure from TESS photometry, we derive a true obliquity $\psi ={21.82_{-18.36}^{+8.86}}^{\circ }$ -- consistent with near-exact alignment. We also leverage astrometric data from Gaia DR3 to show that the Qatar-6 binary star system is edge-on ($i_B={90.17_{-1.06}^{+1.07}}^{\circ }$), such that the stellar binary and the transiting exoplanet orbit exhibit line-of-sight orbit-orbit alignment. Ultimately, we demonstrate that all current constraints for the 3-body Qatar-6 system are consistent with both spin-orbit and orbit-orbit alignment. High-precision measurements of the projected stellar spin rate of the host star and the sky-plane geometry of the transit relative to the binary plane are required to conclusively verify the full 3D configuration of the system.

arXiv comment17 pages, 7 figures, accepted to AJ

References in corpus (61)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Gaia mission
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
• Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering
• The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications
• Planet Migration and Binary Companions: the case of HD 80606b
• Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments
• Origins of Hot Jupiters
• A million binaries from Gaia eDR3: sample selection and validation of Gaia parallax uncertainties
• The California Planet Survey I. Four New Giant Exoplanets
• Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Collapse and Fragmentation in Massive Protostellar Cores
• The Cannon: A data-driven approach to stellar label determination
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. I. Light curve analyses
• Eccentricity Evolution for Planets in Gaseous Disks
• Spectral Properties of Cool Stars: Extended Abundance Analysis of 1617 Planet Search Stars
• On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
• On the Formation of Hot Jupiters in Stellar Binaries
• The VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity Survey of Perseus Protostars (VANDAM). II. Multiplicity of Protostars in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
• Asteroseismology and Gaia: Testing Scaling Relations Using 2200 Kepler Stars with TGAS Parallaxes
• The Formation of Low-Mass Binary Star Systems Via Turbulent Fragmentation
• On Galactic density modeling in the presence of dust extinction
• The Mass of the Convective Zone in FGK Main Sequence Stars and the Effect of Accreted Planetary Material on Apparent Metallicity Determinations
• Observational Implications of Precessing Protostellar Discs and Jets
• Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems
• Tidal Dissipation in Planet-Hosting Stars: Damping of Spin-Orbit Misalignment and Survival of Hot Jupiters
• On the tilting of protostellar disks by resonant tidal effects
• The formation of close binary systems
• Where are the most ancient stars in the Milky Way?
• Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances
• On the Inference of a Star's Inclination Angle from its Rotation Velocity and Projected Rotation Velocity
• Orbits for the Impatient: A Bayesian Rejection Sampling Method for Quickly Fitting the Orbits of Long-Period Exoplanets
• Eccentricity distribution of wide binaries
• Empirical Tidal Dissipation in Exoplanet Hosts From Tidal Spin-Up
• The Turbulent Origin of Outflow and Spin Misalignment in Multiple Star Systems
• Origins of Hot Jupiters from the Stellar Obliquity Distribution
• The Sensitivity of Convection Zone Depth to Stellar Abundances: An Absolute Stellar Abundance Scale from Asteroseismology
• A Tendency Toward Alignment in Single-Star Warm Jupiter Systems
• Magnetic Origins of the Stellar Mass-Obliquity Correlation in Planetary Systems
• Formation of wide binary stars from adjacent cores
• Orbital Architectures of Planet-Hosting Binaries II. Low Mutual Inclinations Between Planetary and Stellar Orbits
• Orbital Parameter Determination for Wide Stellar Binary Systems in the Age of Gaia
• Formation of Wide Binaries by Turbulent Fragmentation
• Effects of Disk Warping on the Inclination Evolution of Star-Disk-Binary Systems
• A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions
• The Aligned Orbit of WASP-148b, the Only Known Hot Jupiter with a Nearby Warm Jupiter Companion, from NEID and HIRES
• The Aligned Orbit of the Eccentric Warm Jupiter K2-232b
• Tidal erasure of stellar obliquities constrains the timing of hot Jupiter formation
• Stellar Characterization of Keck HIRES Spectra with The Cannon
• Stellar Obliquities in Long-period Exoplanet Systems (SOLES) I: The Spin-Orbit Alignment of K2-140 b
• Capture Formed Binaries via Encounters with Massive Protostars
• Modeling the Echelle Spectra Continuum with Alpha Shapes and Local Regression Fitting
• Alignment of Protostars and Circumstellar Disks During the Embedded Phase
• Biases in orbit fitting of directly-imaged exoplanets with small orbital coverage
• Qatar Exoplanet Survey: Qatar-6b -- a grazing transiting hot Jupiter
• Observable Predictions from Perturber-coupled High-eccentricity Tidal Migration of Warm Jupiters

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Ponderings on the Possible Preponderance of Perpendicular Planets
• Self-Consistent Spin, Tidal and Dynamical Equations of Motion in the REBOUNDx Framework
• TOI-1859b: A 64-Day Warm Jupiter on an Eccentric and Misaligned Orbit
• Evidence for Primordial Alignment: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Compact Sub-Saturn Systems
• The Spin-Orbit Misalignment of TOI-1842b: The First Measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect for a Warm Sub-Saturn around a Massive Star
• The PFS view of TOI-677 b: A spin-orbit aligned warm Jupiter in a dynamically hot system
• Stellar obliquities of eight close-in gas giant exoplanets
• Evidence for Primordial Alignment II: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Hot Jupiters in Compact Multiplanet Systems
• Stellar Obliquity Excitation via Disk Dispersal-Driven Resonances in Binaries