The XXL survey. XLIX. Linking the members star formation histories to the cluster mass assembly in the z=1.98 galaxy cluster XLSSC 122

Abstract

The most massive protoclusters virialize to become clusters at $z\sim 2$, which is also a critical epoch for the evolution of their member galaxies. XLSSC 122 is a $z=1.98$ galaxy cluster with 37 spectroscopically confirmed members. We aim to characterize their star formation histories and to put them in the context of the cluster accretion history. We measure their photometry in 12 bands and create a PSF-matched catalogue of the cluster members. We employ BAGPIPES to fit star formation histories characterized by exponentially decreasing star-forming rates. Stellar masses, metal and dust contents are also treated as free parameters. The oldest stars in the red-sequence galaxies display a range of ages, from 0.5 Gyr to over $\sim$3 Gyrs. Characteristic times are between $\sim$0.1 and $\sim$0.3 Gyr, and the oldest members present the longest times. Using MultiDark Planck 2 dark matter simulations, we calculate the assembly of XLSSC 122-like haloes, weighted by the age posteriors of the oldest members. We found that 74% of these haloes were less than 10% assembled at the onset of star formation, declining to 67% of haloes when such galaxies had formed 50% of their z=1.98 stellar masses. When 90% of their stellar masses were formed, 75% of the haloes were less than 30% assembled. The star formation histories of the red-sequence galaxies seem consistent with episodes of star formation with short characteristic times. Onset and cessation of star formation in the oldest galaxies are both likely to precede XLSSC 122 virialization.

arXiv comment19 pages, 16 figures (including appendixes). Accepted by MNRAS

References in corpus (93)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
• The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8
• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• Multimodal nested sampling: an efficient and robust alternative to MCMC methods for astronomical data analysis
• UniverseMachine: The Correlation between Galaxy Growth and Dark Matter Halo Assembly from z=0-10
• The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design
• Importance Nested Sampling and the MultiNest Algorithm
• MultiDark simulations: the story of dark matter halo concentrations and density profiles
• Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies
• Inferring the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies with BAGPIPES: Evidence for multiple quenching mechanisms
• The Origin of Star Formation Gradients in Rich Galaxy Clusters
• The bimodal galaxy color distribution: dependence on luminosity and environment
• First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• How to Measure Galaxy Star Formation Histories II: Nonparametric Models
• Can Minor Merging Account for the Size Growth of Quiescent Galaxies? New Results from the CANDELS Survey
• Mass and Environment as Drivers of Galaxy Evolution II: The quenching of satellite galaxies as the origin of environmental effects
• Ancient Light from Young Cosmic Cities: Physical and Observational Signatures of Galaxy Proto-Clusters
• Galaxy Cluster Baryon Fractions Revisited
• The evolution of the star formation activity in galaxies and its dependence on environment
• How to measure galaxy star-formation histories I: Parametric models
• A Spitzer-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.62
• The star formation main sequence and stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation
• The FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey (ZFOURGE): ultraviolet to far-infrared catalogs, medium-bandwidth photometric redshifts with improved accuracy, stellar masses, and confirmation of quiescent galaxies to z~3.5
• Discovery of a galaxy cluster with a violently starbursting core at z=2.506
• Dependence of Galaxy Quenching on Halo Mass and Distance from its Centre
• Galaxy Protoclusters as Drivers of Cosmic Star-Formation History in the First 2 Gyr
• A massive core for a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of 4.3
• The Era of Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters
• The VANDELS survey: the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.3
• A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z=2.07
• An extreme proto-cluster of luminous dusty starbursts in the early Universe
• What are Protoclusters? -- Defining High Redshift Galaxy Clusters and Protoclusters
• Fast, Slow, Early, Late: Quenching Massive Galaxies at z~0.8
• The CFHT Legacy Survey: stacked images and catalogs
• Effect of local environment and stellar mass on galaxy quenching and morphology at $0.5<z<2.0$
• The relation between star formation, morphology and local density in high redshift clusters and groups
• Non-parametric Star Formation History Reconstruction with Gaussian Processes I: Counting Major Episodes of Star Formation
• Galaxy evolution in overdense environments at high redshift: passive early-type galaxies in a cluster at redshift 2
• Evidence for a change in the dominant satellite galaxy quenching mechanism at z=1
• SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large Scale Structures with Protoclusters Over 200 Mpc at z~6-7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies
• Galaxy environment in the 3D-HST fields. Witnessing the onset of satellite quenching at z ~ 1-2
• JKCS041: a Coma cluster progenitor at z=1.803
• The evolution of dust-obscured star formation activity in galaxy clusters relative to the field over the last 9 billion years
• Quenching of Star Formation in SDSS Groups: Centrals, Satellites, and Galactic Conformity
• Discovery of a rich proto-cluster at z=2.9 and associated diffuse cold gas in the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS)
• Stellar mass function of cluster galaxies at z $\sim$ 1.5: evidence for reduced quenching efficiency at high redshift
• Timing the earliest quenching events with a robust sample of massive quiescent galaxies at 2 < z < 5
• Evidence for strong evolution in galaxy environmental quenching efficiency between z = 1.6 and z = 0.9
• The rise and fall of the star formation histories of blue galaxies at redshifts 0.2<z<1.4
• Log-normal star formation histories in simulated and observed galaxies
• The Evolution of Environmental Quenching Timescales to $z\sim 1.6$
• SILVERRUSH. VII. Subaru/HSC Identifications of 42 Protocluster Candidates at z~6-7 with the Spectroscopic Redshifts up to z=6.574: Implications for Cosmic Reionization
• A mature galaxy cluster at z=1.58 around the radio galaxy 7C1753+6311
• The evolution of the quenching of star formation in cluster galaxies since z $\sim$ 1
• A Lyman-α protocluster at redshift 6.9
• Baryon Content of Massive Galaxy Clusters (0.57 < z < 1.33)
• Persistence of the Color-Density Relation and Efficient Environmental Quenching to $z\sim 1.4$
• Characterising and Identifying Galaxy Protoclusters
• Rhapsody. I. Structural Properties and Formation History From a Statistical Sample of Re-simulated Cluster-size Halos
• A First Site of Galaxy Cluster Formation: Complete Spectroscopy of a Protocluster at $z=6.01$
• A Giant Protocluster of Galaxies at Redshift 5.7
• Emergence of an Ultra-Red Ultra-Massive Galaxy Cluster Core at $z=4$
• The XXL Survey: XVII. X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Properties of the Redshift 2.0 Galaxy Cluster XLSSC 122
• An Extreme Starburst in Close Proximity to the Central Galaxy of a Rich Galaxy Cluster at z=1.7
• The XXL Survey V: Detection of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect of the Redshift 1.9 Galaxy Cluster XLSSU J021744.1-034536 with CARMA
• Merger driven star-formation activity in Cl J1449+0856 at z=1.99 as seen by ALMA and JVLA
• The baryon budget on the galaxy group/cluster boundary
• Rapid early coeval star formation and assembly of the most massive galaxies in the universe
• Spectroscopic confirmation of a mature galaxy cluster at redshift two
• Galaxy evolution in protoclusters
• Galaxy population properties of the massive X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XDCP J0044.0-2033 at z=1.58: red-sequence formation, massive galaxy assembly, and central star formation activity
• Galaxy mass, cluster-centric distance and secular evolution: their role in the evolution of galaxies in clusters in the last 10 Gyr
• The Accelerated Build-up of the Red Sequence in High Redshift Galaxy Clusters
• Red but not dead : Unveiling the Star-forming Far-infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of SpARCS Brightest Cluster Galaxies at 0 < z < 1.8
• First results on the cluster galaxy population from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. I. The role of group or cluster environment in star formation quenching from z = 0.2 to 1.1
• The formation history of massive cluster galaxies as revealed by CARLA
• Accelerated galaxy growth and environmental quenching in a protocluster at z=3.24
• Very Compact Dense Galaxy Overdensity with δ ~ 130 Identified at z ~ 8: Implications for Early Protocluster and Cluster-Core Formation
• Probing the existence of a rich galaxy overdensity at z=5.2
• Semi-Analytic Galaxies - II. Revealing the role of environmental and mass quenching in galaxy formation
• Satellite quenching was not important for z$\sim$1 clusters: most quenching occurred during infall
• An ancient massive quiescent galaxy found in a gas-rich z ~ 3 group
• Planck far-infrared detection of Hyper Suprime-Cam protoclusters at $\mathbf{z}\sim 4$: hidden AGN and star formation activity
• The candidate cluster and protocluster catalog (CCPC) II: Spectroscopically identified structures spanning 2 < z < 6.6
• Stellar Mass Growth of Brightest Cluster Galaxy Progenitors in COSMOS Since z ~ 3
• A census of galaxy constituents in a Coma Progenitor observed at z>3
• MOS spectroscopy of protocluster candidate galaxies at z=6.5
• The star-forming progenitors of massive red galaxies
• Star Formation in High-Redshift Cluster Ellipticals
• Deep spectroscopy of nearby galaxy clusters: IV The quench of the star formation in galaxies in the infall region of Abell\ 85
• A massive quiescent galaxy confirmed in a protocluster at z=3.09

Cited by in corpus (6)

• NOEMA formIng Cluster survEy (NICE): Characterizing eight massive galaxy groups at $1.5<z<4$ in the COSMOS field
• XLSSC 122 caught in the act of growing up: Spatially resolved SZ observations of a z=1.98 galaxy cluster
• Galaxy populations in the most distant SPT-SZ clusters -- II. Galaxy structural properties in massive clusters at 1.4<z<1.7
• Bright [CII]158$\mu$m Streamers as a Beacon for Giant Galaxy Formation in SPT2349$-$56 at $z=4.3$
• JWST Discovery of Strong Lensing from a Galaxy Cluster at Cosmic Noon: Giant Arcs and a Highly Concentrated Core of XLSSC 122
• Initial Investigations of the Outskirts of XLSSC 122