Gravitational Wave Pathway to Testable Leptogenesis

Abstract

We analyze the classically scale-invariant $B-L$ model in the context of resonant leptogenesis with the recently proposed mass-gain mechanism. The $B-L$ symmetry breaking in this scenario is associated with a strong first order phase transition that gives rise to detectable gravitational waves (GWs) via bubble collisions. The same $B-L$ symmetry breaking also gives Majorana mass to right-handed neutrinos inside the bubbles, and their out of equilibrium decays can produce the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis. We show that the current LIGO-VIRGO limit on stochastic GW background already excludes part of the $B-L$ parameter space, complementary to the collider searches for heavy $Z^{\prime }$ resonances. Moreover, future GW experiments like Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer can effectively probe the parameter space of leptogenesis over a wide range of the $B-L$ symmetry-breaking scales and gauge coupling values.

11 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables,version to appear in PRD

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