Baryogenesis from the weak scale to the grand unification scale

Abstract

We review the current status of baryogenesis with emphasis on electroweak baryogenesis and leptogenesis. The first detailed studies were carried out for SU(5) GUT models where CP-violating decays of leptoquarks generate a baryon asymmetry. These GUT models were excluded by the discovery of B+L violating sphaleron processes at high temperatures. Yet a new possibility emerged, electroweak baryogenesis. Here sphaleron processes generate a baryon asymmetry during a strongly first-order phase transition. This mechanism has been studied in many extensions of the Standard Model. However, constraints from the LHC and from low-energy precision experiments exclude most of the known models, leaving composite Higgs models of electroweak symmetry breaking as an interesting possibility. Sphaleron processes are also the basis of leptogenesis, where CP-violating decays of heavy right-handed neutrinos generate a lepton asymmetry which is partially converted to a baryon asymmetry. This mechanism is closely related to the one of GUT baryogenesis, and simple estimates based on GUT models can explain the order of magnitude of the observed baryon-to-photon ratio. In the one-flavour approximation an upper bound on the light neutrino masses has been derived which is consistent with the cosmological upper bound on the sum of neutrino masses. For quasi-degenerate right-handed neutrinos the leptogenesis temperature can be lowered from the GUT scale down to the weak scale, and CP-violating oscillations of GeV sterile neutinos can also lead to successfull leptogenesis. Significant progress has been made in developing a full field theoretical description of thermal leptogenesis, which demonstrated that interactions with gauge bosons of the thermal plasma play a crucial role. Finally, we discuss recent ideas how the seesaw mechanism and B-L breaking at the GUT scale can be probed by gravitational waves.

48 pages, 33 figures, 2 tables; a few more corrections

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• Probing Leptogenesis with the Cosmological Collider
• Cosmological Constraints on First-Order Phase Transitions
• The trap in the early Universe: impact on the interplay between gravitational waves and LHC physics in the 2HDM
• Constraining the CP structure of Higgs-fermion couplings with a global LHC fit, the electron EDM and baryogenesis
• Slow-roll inflation and growth of perturbations in Kaniadakis modification of Friedmann cosmology
• Leptogenesis and fermion mass fit in a renormalizable $SO(10)$ model
• Wash-in leptogenesis after axion inflation
• General relativity effects in precision spin experimental tests of fundamental symmetries
• The chiral phase transition and the axial anomaly
• Gravitational Wave Echo of Relaxion Trapping
• Gravitational Waves-Tomography of Low-Scale-Leptogenesis
• Leptogenesis in $SO(10)$ Models with $A_4$ Modular Symmetry
• Sufficient and Necessary Conditions for CP Conservation in the Case of Degenerate Majorana Neutrino Masses
• Aspects of High Scale Leptogenesis with Low-Energy Leptonic CP Violation
• ULYSSES, Universal LeptogeneSiS Equation Solver: version 2
• CP violation and flavor invariants in the seesaw effective field theory
• LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 Sensitivities to Reheating in Plateau Models of Inflation
• Tomography of flavoured leptogenesis with primordial blue gravitational waves
• Minimal spontaneous CP-violating GUT and predictions for leptonic CP phases
• Heavy Neutral Leptons -- Advancing into the PeV domain
• Spelling Out Leptonic CP Violation in the Language of Invariant Theory
• Thermal Leptogenesis in the Minimal Gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ Model
• Tests of Low-Scale Leptogenesis in Charged Lepton Flavour Violation Experiments
• Low-scale Resonant Leptogenesis in $SU(5)$ GUT with ${\mathcal{T}}_{13}$ Family Symmetry
• Low-Scale Leptogenesis with Low-Energy Dirac CP-Violation
• Modern Cosmology, an Amuse-Gueule
• Baryogenesis from sphaleron decoupling
• Low-scale leptogenesis with flavour and CP symmetries
• Constraints on the nuclear Schiff moment from its correlation with electromagnetic properties
• Baryogenesis: A Symmetry Breaking in the Primordial Universe Revisited
• Confronting the low-scale seesaw and leptogenesis with neutrinoless double beta decay
• Purely flavored leptogenesis from a sudden mass gain of right-handed neutrinos
• Improving CP Measurement with THEIA and Muon Decay at Rest
• Non-perturbative determination of the sphaleron rate for first-order phase transitions
• Gravitational charge production
• On the collider-testability of the type-I seesaw model with 3 right-handed neutrinos
• Quantum mechanics of radiofrequency-driven coherent beam oscillations in storage rings
• Low scale leptogenesis under neutrino $\mu$-$\tau$ reflection symmetry
• The Thermal Feedback Effects on the Temperature Evolution during Reheating
• Laser spectroscopy and CP-violation sensitivity of actinium monofluoride
• Prospects for Heavy Neutral Lepton Searches at Short and Medium Baseline Reactor Experiments
• Thermodynamics of the Primordial Universe
• Leptogenesis in an extended seesaw model with $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ symmetry
• Gravitational baryogenesis in $f(T,L_m)$ gravity
• Soft contributions to the thermal Higgs width across an electroweak phase transition
• New Particles at the Z-Pole: Tera-Z factories as discovery and precision machines
• Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations
• Insights on the Scale of Leptogenesis from Neutrino Masses and Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay
• A lower bound on the right-handed neutrino mass from wash-in leptogenesis
• Probing Solar Heavy Neutrinos with Heliospheric Electrons
• Real effective potentials for phase transitions in models with extended scalar sectors
• Flavour anomalies and dark matter assisted unification in $SO(10)$ GUT
• Sterile neutrino rates for general $M$, $T$, $\mu$, $k$: review of a theoretical framework
• Leptogenesis, Fermion Masses and Mixings in a SUSY $SU(5)$ GUT with $D_4$ Flavor Symmetry
• Linear seesaw leptogenesis before/after electroweak symmetry breaking
• Majorana propagator on de Sitter space
• Revisiting the Electron EDM in the NMSSM
• Sphaleron in the Higgs Triplet Model
• Scalar-tensor baryogenesis: a scalar-tensor completion of gravitational baryogenesis
• Violation of C/CP Symmetry Induced by a Scalar Field Emerging from a Two-Brane Universe: A Gateway to Baryogenesis
• Rescuing leptogenesis in inverse seesaw models with the help of non-Abelian flavor symmetries
• Phase transitions, anomalous baryon number violation and electroweak multiplet dark matter
• Primordial Black Holes Formation Beyond the Standard Cosmic QCD Transition
• A Closer Look in the Mirror: Reflections on the Matter/Dark Matter Coincidence
• Leptogenesis assisted by scalar decays
• Neutrino Theory Overview
• Search for an exotic decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson to a pair of light pseudoscalars in the final state of two muons and two c-quarks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{TeV}$ with CMS Open Data
• Asymgenesis
• Standard and Non-Standard Aspects of Neutrino Physics
• Resummation and cancellation of the VIA source in electroweak baryogenesis
• Constraints on the neutrino extension of the Standard Model and baryon asymmetry of the Universe
• Production of relic gravitational waves and the baryon asymmetry of the universe by random hypermagnetic fields
• Probing Leptogenesis and Pre-BBN Universe with Gravitational Waves Spectral Shapes
• Baryogenesis via relativistic bubble walls
• Speed of sound in cosmological phase transitions and effect on gravitational waves
• Leptogenesis in an anomaly-free $\mathrm{U}(1)$ extension with higher-dimensional operators
• Braneworld Baryogenesis and QCD-Era Magnetogenesis: A Predictive Link
• Stellar Light Scattering as a Probe for a Braneworld-Induced Baryogenesis Scenario
• Complex Inflaton Potentials with Nonminimal Coupling: Robust Inflation and Geometric Reheating
• Leptogenesis in the littlest inverse seesaw model
• Constraints on the parameters of the neutrino extension of the Standard Model
• The Strange Physics of Dark Baryons