Hot carriers in graphene -- fundamentals and applications
arXiv:2105.08352 · doi:10.1039/d0nr09166a
Abstract
Hot charge carriers in graphene exhibit fascinating physical phenomena, whose understanding has improved greatly over the past decade. They have distinctly different physical properties compared to, for example, hot carriers in conventional metals. This is predominantly the result of graphene's linear energy-momentum dispersion, its phonon properties, its all-interface character, and the tunability of its carrier density down to very small values, and from electron- to hole-doping. Since a few years, we have witnessed an increasing interest in technological applications enabled by hot carriers in graphene. Of particular interest are optical and optoelectronic applications, where hot carriers are used to detect (photodetection), convert (nonlinear photonics), or emit (luminescence) light. Graphene-enabled systems in these application areas could find widespread use and have a disruptive impact, for example in the field of data communication, high-frequency electronics, and industrial quality control. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the most relevant physics and working principles that are relevant for applications exploiting hot carriers in graphene.
References in corpus (78)
- The electronic properties of graphene
- Universal Dynamic Conductivity and Quantized Visible Opacity of Suspended Graphene
- 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures
- Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics
- Two-Dimensional Material Nanophotonics
- Vertical Field Effect Transistor based on Graphene-WS2 Heterostructures for flexible and transparent electronics
- Measurement of the Optical Conductivity of Graphene
- Dielectric function, screening, and plasmons in 2D graphene
- Graphene field effect transistors as room-temperature Terahertz detectors
- Colloquium: The transport properties of graphene: An introduction
- Universal dynamical conductance in graphite
- Sub-diffractional, volume-confined polaritons in a natural hyperbolic material: hexagonal boron nitride
- Atomically thin boron nitride: a tunnelling barrier for graphene devices
- A new electromagnetic mode in graphene
- Space-time dispersion of graphene conductivity
- Thermoelectric and Magnetothermoelectric Transport Measurements of Graphene
- Excitonic Effects on the Optical Response of Graphene and Bilayer Graphene
- Photo-excitation Cascade and Multiple Carrier Generation in Graphene
- Recent progress in the assembly of nanodevices and van der Waals heterostructures by deterministic placement of 2D materials
- Carrier Statistics and Quantum Capacitance of Graphene Sheets and Ribbons
- Photoconductivity of biased graphene
- Twist-controlled resonant tunnelling in graphene-boron nitride-graphene heterostructures
- Ultrafast Photoluminescence from Graphene
- Phonon anharmonicities in graphite and graphene
- Optical Phonons in Carbon Nanotubes: Kohn Anomalies, Peierls Distortions and Dynamic Effects
- Non-linear electromagnetic response of graphene
- Graphene-Based Integrated Photonics For Next-Generation Datacom And Telecom
- Ultrafast Optical Excitation of a Persistent Surface-State Population in the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3
- Bright visible light emission from graphene
- Quantum critical transport in clean graphene
- The thermopower and Nernst Effect in graphene in a magnetic field
- Observation of second sound in graphite at temperatures above 100 K
- Intrinsic response time of graphene photodetectors
- Third harmonic generation in graphene and few-layer graphite films
- Thermal infrared emission reveals the Dirac point movement in biased graphene
- Ideal Graphene/Silicon Schottky Junction Diodes
- Carrier Recombination and Generation Rates for Intravalley and Intervalley Phonon Scattering in Graphene
- Fast and Sensitive Terahertz Detection Using an Antenna-Integrated Graphene pn Junction
- Electron-phonon heat transfer in monolayer and bilayer graphene
- Ultrafast surface carrier dynamics in the topological insulator Bi2Te3
- Ultrafast Broadband Photodetectors based on Three-dimensional Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2
- Supercollision cooling in undoped graphene
- Slow imbalance relaxation and thermoelectric transport in graphene
- High Thermoelectric Power Factor in Graphene/hBN Devices
- Electron Thermionic Emission from Graphene and a Thermionic Energy Converter
- Quantum-critical relativistic magnetotransport in graphene
- Semiconducting-to-metallic photoconductivity crossover and temperature-dependent Drude weight in graphene
- Hot electron cooling by acoustic phonons in graphene
- High harmonic generation in undoped graphene: Interplay of inter- and intraband dynamics
- Phonon-limited resistivity of graphene by first-principle calculations: electron-phonon interactions, strain-induced gauge field and Boltzmann equation
- Electrically Tunable Optical Nonlinearities in Graphene-Covered SiN Waveguides Characterized by Four-Wave Mixing
- Cooling of photoexcited carriers in graphene by internal and substrate phonons
- Ultrafast Radiative Heat Transfer
- Measuring the Nonlinear Refractive Index of Graphene using the Optical Kerr Effect Method
- Plasmonic antenna coupling to hyperbolic phonon-polaritons for sensitive and fast mid-infrared photodetection with graphene
- Landauer conductance and twisted boundary conditions for Dirac fermions in two space dimensions
- Bolometer operating at the threshold for circuit quantum electrodynamics
- HBN-encapsulated, graphene-based room-temperature terahertz receivers with high speed and low noise
- Competing Ultrafast Energy Relaxation Pathways in Photoexcited Graphene
- Photo-excited Carrier Dynamics and Impact Excitation Cascade in Graphene
- Imaging resonant dissipation from individual atomic defects in graphene
- Doping Induced Second Harmonic Generation in Centrosymmetric Graphene from Quadrupole Response
- Graphene photodetector integrated on a photonic crystal defect waveguide
- Competing Channels for Hot Electron Cooling in Graphene
- Graphene-on-silicon near-field thermophotovoltaic cell
- Ultrafast Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy of Quantum Materials
- Ultrafast, Zero-Bias, Graphene Photodetectors with Polymeric Gate Dielectric on Passive Photonic Waveguides
- Observation of suppressed terahertz absorption in photoexcited graphene
- Electrically Tunable Four-Wave-Mixing in Graphene Heterogeneous Fiber for Individual Gas Molecule Detection
- Second order optical nonlinearity of graphene due to electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole effects
- Direct electronic measurement of Peltier cooling and heating in graphene
- Super-Planckian electron cooling in a van der Waals stack
- Graphene hot-electron light bulb: incandescence from hBN-encapsulated graphene in air
- Coherent tunneling and negative differential conductivity in graphene-hBN-graphene heterostructure
- Hot-Carrier Seebeck Effect: Diffusion and Remote Detection of Hot Carriers in Graphene
- Thermionic Emission and Negative dI/dV in Photoactive Graphene Heterostructures
- Microwave Photodetection in an Ultraclean Suspended Bilayer Graphene pn Junction
- Tunable Ultrafast Thermal Relaxation in Graphene Measured by Continuous-Wave Photomixing
Cited by in corpus (8)
- All-optical polarization and amplitude modulation of second-harmonic generation in atomically thin semiconductors
- Parametric Nonlinear Optics with Layered Materials and Related Heterostructures
- Milliwatt terahertz harmonic generation from topological insulator metamaterials
- Tailored nano-electronics and photonics with two-dimensional materials at terahertz frequencies
- Terahertz photodetection in scalable single-layer-graphene and hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures
- Photo-accelerated water dissociation across one-atom-thick electrodes
- Gate-controlled suppression of light-driven proton transport through graphene electrodes
- Ultrafast Hot-Carrier cooling in Quasi Freestanding Bilayer Graphene with Hydrogen Intercalated Atoms