Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions from z~10 to z~6 using the Deepest Spitzer/IRAC Data: No Significant Evolution in the Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratio of Galaxies in the First Gyr of Cosmic Time

Abstract

We present new stellar mass functions at $z\sim 6$, $z\sim 7$, $z\sim 8$, $z\sim 9$ and, for the first time, $z\sim 10$, constructed from $\sim 800$ Lyman-Break galaxies previously identified over the XDF/UDF, parallels and the five CANDELS fields. Our study is distinctive due to (1) the much deeper ($\sim 200$ hour) wide-area Spitzer/IRAC imaging at $3.6\mu$m and $4.5\mu$m from the GOODS Re-ionization Era wide Area Treasury from Spitzer (GREATS) program and (2) consideration of $z\sim 6-10$ sources over a $3\times$ larger area than previous HST+Spitzer studies. The Spitzer/IRAC data enable $\ge 2\sigma$ rest-frame optical detections for an unprecedented $50\%$ of galaxies down to a stellar mass limit of $\sim 10^8{\mathcal{M}}_{\odot }$ across all redshifts. Schechter fits to our volume densities suggest a combined evolution in characteristic mass ${\mathcal{M}}^{\ast }$ and normalization factor ${\varphi }^{\ast }$ between $z\sim 6$ and $z\sim 8$. The stellar mass density (SMD) increases by $\sim 1000\times$ in the $\sim 500$ Myr between $z\sim 10$ and $z\sim 6$, with indications of a steeper evolution between $z\sim 10$ and $z\sim 8$, similar to the previously-reported trend of the star-formation rate density. Strikingly, abundance matching to the Bolshoi-Planck simulation indicates halo mass densities evolving at approximately the same rate as the SMD between $z\sim 10$ and $z\sim 4$. Our results show that the stellar-to-halo mass ratios, a proxy for the star-formation efficiency, do not change significantly over the huge stellar mass build-up occurred from $z\sim 10$ to $z\sim 6$, indicating that the assembly of stellar mass closely mirrors the build-up in halo mass in the first $\sim 1$ Gyr of cosmic history. JWST is poised to extend these results into the "first galaxy" epoch at $z\gtrsim 10$.

Submitted to ApJ, comments welcome

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