Advances in Understanding High-Mass X-ray Binaries with INTEGRAL and Future Directions

Abstract

High mass X-ray binaries are among the brightest X-ray sources in the Milky Way, as well as in nearby Galaxies. Thanks to their highly variable emissions and complex phenomenology, they have attracted the interest of the high energy astrophysical community since the dawn of X-ray Astronomy. In more recent years, they have challenged our comprehension of physical processes in many more energy bands, ranging from the infrared to very high energies. In this review, we provide a broad but concise summary of the physical processes dominating the emission from high mass X-ray binaries across virtually the whole electromagnetic spectrum. These comprise the interaction of stellar winds with the high gravitational and magnetic fields of compact objects, the behaviour of matter under extreme magnetic and gravity conditions, and the perturbation of the massive star evolutionary processes by presence in a binary system. We highlight the role of the INTEGRAL mission in the discovery of many of the most interesting objects in the high mass X-ray binary class and its contribution in reviving the interest for these sources over the past two decades. We show how the INTEGRAL discoveries have not only contributed to significantly increase the number of high mass X-ray binaries known, thus advancing our understanding of the population as a whole, but also have opened new windows of investigation that stimulated the multi-wavelength approach nowadays common in most astrophysical research fields. We conclude the review by providing an overview of future facilities being planned from the X-ray to the very high energy domain that will hopefully help us in finding an answer to the many questions left open after more than 18 years of INTEGRAL scientific observations.

61 pages, 22 figures, 1 table, will be published in New Astronomy Reviews

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• The Chandra ACIS Timing Survey Project: glimpsing a sample of faint X-ray pulsators
• X-ray Pulsations from the region of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient IGR J17544-2619
• Possible changes of state and relevant timescales for a neutron star in LS I +61°303
• A microquasar shot out from its birth place
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• Discovery of 47-s pulsations in the X-ray source 1RXS J225352.8+624354
• IGR J17354-3255 as a candidate intermediate SFXT possibly associated with the transient MeV AGL J1734-3310
• Swift follow-up observations of 17 INTEGRAL sources of uncertain or unknown nature
• Evolution of Spin, Orbital, and Superorbital Modulations of 4U 0114+650
• Overview of non-transient gamma-ray binaries and prospects for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Drastic Spectroscopic Variability of the Be/X-ray Binary A0535+262/V725 Tau during and after the 2009 Giant Outburst
• Stellar wind accretion and accretion disk formation: applications to neutron star high mass X-ray binaries
• Chandra observations of five INTEGRAL sources: new X-ray positions for IGR J16393-4643 and IGR J17091-3624
• Wind inhibition by X-ray irradiation in HMXBs: the influence of clumping and the final X-ray luminosity
• On the universal X-ray luminosity function of binary X-ray sources in galaxies
• SFXTs versus classical SgXBs: Does the difference lie in the companion wind?
• Correlation between the luminosity and spin-period changes during outbursts of 12 Be binary pulsars observed by the MAXI/GSC and the Fermi/GBM
• AX J1910.7+0917: the slowest X-ray pulsar
• Suzaku Observations of Four Heavily Absorbed HMXBs
• Deep Hard X-ray Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients: A new class of high mass X-ray binaries unveiled by INTEGRAL
• Discovery of a variable X-ray counterpart to HESS J1832-093: A new gamma-ray binary?
• The eccentric short-period orbit of the supergiant fast X-ray transient HD 74194 (=LM Vel)
• Probing the Masses and Radii of Donor Stars in Eclipsing X-ray Binaries with the Swift Burst Alert Telescope
• The 5 hr pulse period and broadband spectrum of the Symbiotic X-ray Binary 3A 1954+319
• NuSTAR observations of the wind-fed X-ray pulsar GX 301--2 during an unusual spin-up event
• IGR J08408--4503: a new recurrent Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient
• Inversion of the decay of the cyclotron line energy in Her X-1
• Swift-BAT Survey of Galactic Sources: Catalog and Properties of the populations
• Origin of the long-term modulation of radio emission of LS I +61 303
• Long-term monitoring of LS I+61303 with INTEGRAL
• A Comprehensive Study on RXTE & INTEGRAL Observations of the X-ray Pulsar 4U 1907+09
• INTEGRAL observations of the PSR B1259-63 / SS2883 system after the 2004 periastron passage
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• NuSTAR discovery of an unusually steady long-term spin-up of the Be binary 2RXP J130159.6-635806
• INTEGRAL observations of the Be/X-ray binary EXO 2030+375 during outburst
• Multi-wavelength observations of IGR J17544-2619 from quiescence to outburst
• Spectroscopic identification of INTEGRAL high-energy sources with VLT/ISAAC
• Evidence of coupling between the thermal and nonthermal emission in the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303
• INTEGRAL deep observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The longest observation of a low intensity state from a Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient: Suzaku observes IGRJ08408-4503
• Observations of Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients with LOFT
• Accurate Localization and Identification of Six Hard X-ray Sources from Chandra and XMM-Newton data
• Unveiling the nature of IGR J17177-3656 with X-ray, NIR and Radio observations
• The Norma Arm Region Chandra Survey: X-ray Populations in the Spiral Arms
• AX J1910.7+0917 and three newly discovered INTEGRAL sources
• Radius of the neutron star magnetosphere during disk accretion
• Identification of two new HMXBs in the LMC: a $\sim$2013 s pulsar and a probable SFXT
• Long-term Hard X-ray Monitoring of 2S 0114+65 with INTEGRAL/IBIS
• XMM-Newton spectroscopy of the accreting magnetar candidate 4U0114+65
• The Orbital Solution and Spectral Classification of the High-Mass X-Ray Binary IGR J01054-7253 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Longterm properties of accretion discs in X-ray Binaries - III. A search for spin-superorbital correlation in SMC X-1
• Discovery of the neutron star spin and a possible orbital period from the Be/X-ray binary IGR J05414-6858 in the LMC
• Population of the Galactic X-ray binaries and eRosita
• INTEGRAL observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• IGR J19294+1816: a new Be-X ray binary revealed through infrared spectroscopy
• Diverse Long-Term Variability of Five Candidate High-Mass X-ray Binaries from Swift Burst Alert Telescope Observations
• Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients uncovered by the EXTraS project: flares reveal the development of magnetospheric instability in accreting neutron stars
• Disc-loss episode in the Be shell optical counterpart to the high-mass X-ray binary IGR J21343+4738
• INTEGRAL, XMM-Newton and ESO/NTT identification of AX J1749.1-2733: an obscured and probably distant Be/X-ray binary
• INTEGRAL and Swift observations of the supergiant fast X-ray transient AXJ1845.0-0433=IGRJ18450-0435
• INTEGRAL study of temporal properties of bright flares in Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients
• XMM-Newton discovery of mHz quasi-periodic oscillations in the high mass X-ray binary IGRJ19140+0951
• Multiwavelength study of the transient X-ray binary IGR J01583+6713
• Discovery of X-ray pulsations in the Be/X-ray binary IGR J06074+2205
• Orbital X-ray modulation study of three Supergiant HMXBs
• X-ray Polarization from High Mass X-ray Binaries
• Transient High Mass X-ray Binaries
• The origin of the bimodal luminosity distribution of ultraluminous X-ray pulsars
• Discovery of X-ray Pulsations from the HMXB Source AXJ1749.1-2733
• XMM-Newton and NuSTAR simultaneous X-ray observations of IGR J11215-5952
• Observations of Cygnus X-1 in the MeV band by the INTEGRAL imager
• Spectral and temporal properties of the supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J18483-0311 observed by INTEGRAL
• XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL study of the SFXT IGR J18483-0311 in quiescence: hint of a cyclotron emission feature?
• High proper motion X-ray binaries from the Yale Southern Proper Motion Survey
• Spectral variation in the supergiant fast X-ray transient SAX J1818.6-1703 observed by XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL
• X-ray and Near Infrared observations of the obscured accreting pulsar IGR J18179-1621
• Superorbital modulation at GeV energies in the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303
• Spectral evolution of the supergiant HMXB IGR J16320-4751 along its orbit using XMM-Newton
• Revisiting SWJ2000.6+3210 : A persistent Be X-ray pulsar ?
• A Study of the 20 Day Superorbital Modulation in the High-Mass X-ray Binary IGR J16493-4348
• Confirmation of IGR J01363+6610 as a Be X-ray binary with very low quiescent X-ray luminosity
• Probing clumpy wind accretion in IGR J18027-2016 with XMM-Newton
• Unveiling the nature of IGR J16493-4348 with IR spectroscopy
• Chasing candidate Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients in the 1,000 orbits INTEGRAL/IBIS catalog
• X-ray and gamma-ray orbital variability from the gamma-ray binary HESS J1832-093
• Probing the nature of IGR J16493-4348: Spectral and temporal analysis of the 1-100 keV emission
• NuSTAR observation of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient IGR J11215-5952 during its 2017 outburst
• Optical and infrared study of the obscured B[e] supergiant high-mass X-ray binary IGR J16318-4848
• A Transient Supergiant X-ray Binary in IC10. An Extragalactic SFXT?
• Optical identification of IGR J19140+0951
• Two giant outbursts of V 0332+53 observed with INTEGRAL
• Chandra, MDM, Swift, and NuSTAR observations confirming the SFXT nature of AX J1949.8+2534
• INTEGRAL observations of the gamma-ray binary 1FGL J1018.6-5856
• The Multi-wavelength Characteristics of the TeV Binary LS I +61${}^{\circ }$ 303
• INTEGRAL and Swift observations of IGRJ19294+1816 in outburst
• A search for the presence of magnetic fields in the two Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients IGR J08408-4503 and IGR J11215-5952
• X-ray, optical and infrared investigation of the candidate Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient IGR J18462-0223
• The INTEGRAL-OMC Scientific Archive
• Fundamental properties of High-Mass X-ray Binaries
• Fast Timing Analysis of Cygnus X-1 using SPI on board INTEGRAL
• Swift-BAT hard X-ray sky monitoring unveils the orbital period of the HMXB IGR J18219-1347
• Discovery of X-ray pulsations in the Be/X-ray binary IGR J21343+4738
• INTEGRAL and Swift/XRT observations on IGR J18179-1621
• Cygnus X-3 transition from the ultrasoft to the hard state
• Accretion disc by Roche lobe overflow in the supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J08408-4503
• Broadband Suzaku observations of IGR J16207-5129
• Multiwavelength study of the fast rotating supergiant high-mass X-ray binary IGR J16465-4507
• The 54 days orbital period of AX J1820.5-1434 unveiled by Swift
• Infrared identification of 2XMM J191043.4+091629.4
• Unveiling the nature of IGR J16283-4838
• Neutrinos from microquasars
• High-energy gamma-ray Emission from Microquasars: LS 5039 and LS I +61 303
• Long-term spectral study of the black hole Cygnus X-1 using INTEGRAL
• IGR J17503-2636: a candidate supergiant fast X-ray transient
• New fast X-ray transient IGR J18462-0223 discovered by the INTEGRAL observatory
• Swift reveals the eclipsing nature of the high mass X-ray binary IGR~J16195-4945
• IGRJ18179-1621: An obscured X-ray pulsar discovered by INTEGRAL
• Hour time-scale QPOs in the X-ray and radio emission of LS I +61${}^{\circ }$303
• Swift discovery of the orbital period of the HMXB IGR J015712-7259 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Hard fast X-ray transients as possible counterparts of unidentified MeV/TeV sources
• Vela X-1 as a laboratory for accretion in High-Mass X-ray Binaries
• First hard X-ray detection and broad band X-ray study of the unidentified transient AX J1949.8+2534
• Spectral state dependence of the 0.4-2 MeV polarized emission in Cygnus X-1 seen with INTEGRAL/IBIS, and links with the AMI radio data
• Searching for supergiant fast X-ray transients with Swift
• Variability study of the High Mass X-ray Binary IGR J18027--2016 with {\it Swift}--XRT
• Implications of the radio spectral index transition in LS I +61°303 for its INTEGRAL data analysis
• X-ray and optical monitoring of the December 2017 outburst of the Be/X-ray binary AX J0049.4-7323
• Swift Observations of the High-mass X-ray Binary IGR J16283-4838 unveil a 288-day Orbital Period
• Hunting for Magnetars in High Mass X-ray Binaries. The Case of SuperGiant Fast X-Ray Transients
• X-ray binaries with neutron stars at different accretion stages
• INTEGRAL and Swift/XRT observations of IGR~J16460+0849
• On the warping of Be star discs
• Spectral analysis of X-ray pulsars with the INTEGRAL observatory
• Low-luminosity stellar wind accretion onto neutron stars in HMXBs

Cited by in corpus (47)

• The ART-XC telescope on board the SRG observatory
• Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission
• Evidence for an abundant old population of Galactic ultra long period magnetars and implications for fast radio bursts
• INTEGRAL/IBIS 17-yr hard X-ray all-sky survey
• The Missing Link Between Black Holes in High-Mass X-ray Binaries and Gravitational-Wave Sources: Observational Selection Effects
• The Galactic neutron star population I - an extragalactic view of the Milky Way and the implications for fast radio bursts
• 15 years of Galactic surveys and hard X-ray Background measurements
• The INTEGRAL view of the pulsating hard X-ray sky: from accreting and transitional millisecond pulsars to rotation-powered pulsars and magnetars
• Formation and Evolution of Accreting Compact Objects
• Catalog of the Galactic population of X-ray pulsars in High-mass X-ray binary systems
• Common patterns in pulse profiles of High Mass X-ray Binaries
• The Symbiotic X-ray binaries Sct X-1, 4U 1700+24 and IGR J17329-2731
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• The Galactic high mass X-ray binary population with Fermi -LAT
• Investigating the superorbital modulations in 4U 1909+07, IGR J16418-4532 and IGR J16479-4514 with Swift XRT, BAT and NuSTAR observations
• X-Ray Views of Galactic Accreting Pulsars in High-Mass X-Ray Binaries
• A NuSTAR observation of the eclipsing binary system OAO 1657-415: The revival of the cyclotron line
• NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the binary 4FGL J1405.1-6119. A $\gamma$-ray emitting microquasar?
• The 100-month Swift catalogue of supergiant fast X-ray transients II. SFXT diagnostics from outburst properties
• Evidence for low kick velocities among high-mass X-ray binaries in the Small Magellanic Cloud from the spatial correlation function
• X-ray flashes from the low-mass X-ray binary IGR J17407-2808
• Broadband study and the discovery of pulsations from the Be/X-ray binary eRASSU J052914.9-662446 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• XMM-Newton discovery of very high obscuration in the candidate Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient AX J1714.1-3912
• Torque reversal and orbital profile of X-ray pulsar OAO 1657-415
• Timing and spectral studies of Cen X-3 in multiple luminosity states using $\text{AstroSat}$
• Study of the X-ray Pulsar IGR J21343+4738 based on NuSTAR, Swift, and SRG data
• Capturing the lowest luminosity state of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient XTE J1739-302
• Cen x-3 as seen by MAXI during six years
• Investigating the true nature of three hard X-ray sources
• Deciphering Accretion-Driven Starquakes in Recycled Millisecond Pulsars using Gravitational Waves
• X-ray Binaries: a potential dominant contributor to the cosmic ray spectral knee structure
• Exploring the MeV Sky with a Combined Coded Mask and Compton Telescope: The Galactic Explorer with a Coded Aperture Mask Compton Telescope (GECCO)
• Swift/XRT monitoring of the orbital and superorbital modulations in 4U 1909+07
• The first X-ray spectrum of the HMXB XTE J1855-026 during the compact object eclipse
• Discovery of a new supergiant fast X-ray transient MAXI J0709-159 associated with the Be star LY CMa
• Classification of 3 accreting binaries with VLT/X-Shooter spectra
• Variability study of classical supergiant X-ray binary 4U 1907+09 using NuSTAR
• SRG/ART-XC all-sky X-ray survey: Catalog of sources detected during the first year
• Drop in the hard pulsed fraction and a candidate cyclotron line in IGR J16320-4751 seen by NuSTAR
• The X-ray binaries in M83: will any of them form gravitational wave sources for LIGO/VIRGO/KAGRA?
• Low-frequency spectra of neutron star + OB supergiant binaries: Does wind density drive persistent and flaring modes of accretion?
• 4XMM J181330.1-175110: a new supergiant fast X-ray transient
• Probing the emission mechanism and nature of the pulsating compact object in the X-ray binary SAX J1324.4-6200
• Multiwavelength study of 1eRASS J085039.9-421151 with eROSITA NuSTAR and X-shooter
• Fast optical variability in Supergiant X-ray binaries
• Deep Hard X-ray Survey of the M81 Field Based on INTEGRAL Data
• Formation of black holes from He stars