The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars I. Identifying and Characterizing the Protostellar Content of the OMC2-FIR4 and OMC2-FIR3 Regions

Abstract

We present ALMA (0.87~mm) and VLA (9~mm) observations toward OMC2-FIR4 and OMC2-FIR3 within the Orion integral-shaped filament that are thought to be the nearest regions of intermediate mass star formation. We characterize the continuum sources within these regions on $\sim$40~AU (0\farcs1) scales and associated molecular line emission at a factor of $\sim$30 better resolution than previous observations at similar wavelengths. We identify six compact continuum sources within OMC2-FIR4, four in OMC2-FIR3, and one additional source just outside OMC2-FIR4. This continuum emission is tracing the inner envelope and/or disk emission on less than 100~AU scales. HOPS-108 is the only protostar in OMC2-FIR4 that exhibits emission from high-excitation transitions of complex organic molecules (e.g., methanol and other lines) coincident with the continuum emission. HOPS-370 in OMC2-FIR3 with L~$\sim$~360~\lsun, also exhibits emission from high-excitation methanol and other lines. The methanol emission toward these two protostars is indicative of temperatures high enough to thermally evaporate methanol from icy dust grains; overall these protostars have characteristics similar to hot corinos. We do not identify a clear outflow from HOPS-108 in \twco, but find evidence of interaction between the outflow/jet from HOPS-370 and the OMC2-FIR4 region. The multitude of observational constraints indicate that HOPS-108 is likely a low to intermediate-mass protostar in its main mass accretion phase and it is the most luminous protostar in OMC2-FIR4. The high resolution data presented here are essential for disentangling the embedded protostars from their surrounding dusty environments and characterizing them.

arXiv comment32 Pages, 10 Figures, 5 Tables, accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (70)

• Stellar Multiplicity
• Mind your Ps and Qs: the Interrelation between Period (P) and Mass-ratio (Q) Distributions of Binary Stars
• Observations of the Icy Universe
• Competitive accretion in embedded stellar cluster
• The Formation of Massive Star Systems by Accretion
• High-Mass Star and Massive Cluster Formation in the Milky Way
• 2-D Radiative Transfer in Protostellar Envelopes: I. Effects of Geometry on Class I Sources
• The Spitzer Space Telescope Survey of the Orion A & B Molecular Clouds - Part I: A Census of Dusty Young Stellar Objects and a Study of their Mid-IR Variability
• The Evolution of Outflow-Envelope Interactions in Low-Mass Protostars
• Identifying the Low Luminosity Population of Embedded Protostars in the c2d Observations of Clouds and Cores
• TADPOL: A 1.3 mm Survey of Dust Polarization in Star-forming Cores and Regions
• The Gould's Belt Distances Survey (GOBELINS) II. Distances and structure towards the Orion Molecular Clouds
• The Spatial Distribution of Complex Organic Molecules in the L1544 Pre-stellar Core
• The Herschel Orion Protostar Survey: Spectral Energy Distributions and Fits Using a Grid of Protostellar Models
• H-atom addition and abstraction reactions in mixed CO, H2CO and CH3OH ices: an extended view on complex organic molecule formation
• A SCUBA survey of Orion, the low-mass end of the core mass function
• Constraining the abundances of complex organics in the inner regions of solar-type protostars
• An unbiased search for the signatures of protostars in the rho Ophiuchi Molecular Cloud. II. Millimetre continuum observations
• Chemical evolution in the early phases of massive star formation. I
• Radio Jets from Young Stellar Objects
• Protostars: Forges of cosmic rays?
• Evolution of Protostellar Outflow around Low-mass Protostar
• An Unstable Truth: How Massive Stars get their Mass
• The Protostellar Luminosity Function
• HOPS 383: An Outbursting Class 0 Protostar in Orion
• Resolving the fragmentation of high line-mass filaments with ALMA: the integral shaped filament in Orion A
• Impact of Protostellar Outflows on Turbulence and Star Formation Efficiency in Magnetized Dense Cores
• Cometary ices in forming protoplanetary disc midplanes
• Investigations of Protostellar Outflow Launching and Gas Entrainment: Hydrodynamic Simulations and Molecular Emission
• Methanol and its relation to the water snowline in the disk around the young outbursting star V883 Ori
• SOLIS II. Carbon-chain growth in the Solar-type protocluster OMC2-FIR4
• Molecule sublimation as a tracer of protostellar accretion: Evidence for accretion bursts from high angular resolution C18O images
• The CARMA-NRO Orion Survey
• High resolution imaging of CO outflows in OMC-2 and OMC-3
• Deuterium chemistry in the Orion Bar PDR - "warm" chemistry starring CH2D+
• Deuteration and evolution in the massive star formation process: the role of surface chemistry
• A Keplerian disk around Orion Source I, a ~15 Msun YSO
• A census of molecular hydrogen outflows and their sources along the Orion A molecular ridge: characteristics and overall distribution
• Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Observations of the OMC-2/3 Region. II. Observational Evidence for Outflow-Triggered Star Formation in the OMC-2 FIR 3/4 Region
• The organic chemistry in the innermost, infalling envelope of the Class 0 protostar L483
• Chemical tracers of episodic accretion in low-mass protostars
• Rotational studies in the Orion Nebula Cluster: from solar mass stars to brown dwarfs
• ALMA reveals the anatomy of the mm-sized dust and molecular gas in the HD 97048 disk
• Resolved Depletion Zones and Spatial Differentiation of N2H+ and N2D+
• Exploration of Cosmic Ray Acceleration in Protostellar Accretion Shocks and A Model for Ionization Rates in Embedded Protoclusters
• Simultaneous low- and high-mass star formation in a massive protocluster: ALMA observations of G11.92-0.61
• A 100 au-Wide Bipolar Rotating Shell Emanating From The HH 212Protostellar Disk: A Disk Wind?
• SOLIS IV. Hydrocarbons in the OMC-2 FIR 4 region, a probe of energetic particle irradiation of the region
• Constraining the Rate of Protostellar Accretion Outbursts in the Orion Molecular Clouds
• The stellar content of OMC 2/3
• The Astrochemical Impact of Cosmic Rays in Protoclusters I: Molecular Cloud Chemistry
• Evidence for Multiple Pathways to Deuterium Enhancements in Protoplanetary Disks
• High angular resolution observations towards OMC-2 FIR 4: Dissecting an intermediate-mass protocluster
• The Detection and Characterization of cm Radio Continuum Emission from the Low-mass Protostar L1014-IRS
• An HST Survey for 100-1000 AU Companions around Young Stellar Objects in the Orion Molecular Clouds: Evidence for Environmentally Dependent Multiplicity
• Star Formation Under the Outflow: The Discovery of a Non-Thermal Jet from OMC-2 FIR 3 and its Relationship to the Deeply Embedded FIR 4 Protostar
• Anatomy of the internal bow shocks in the IRAS 04166+2706 protostellar jet
• The Mass Evolution of Protostellar Disks and Envelopes in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
• New Young Brown Dwarfs in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 Region
• On the nature of the deeply embedded protostar OMC-2 FIR 4
• First Science Observations with SOFIA/FORCAST: 6 TO 37 micron Imaging of Orion BN/KL
• First Science Observations with SOFIA/FORCAST: Properties of Intermediate-Luminosity Protostars and Circumstellar Disks in OMC-2
• The Small-Scale Physical Structure and Fragmentation Difference of Two Embedded Intermediate Mass Protostars in Orion
• Protostellar accretion traced with chemistry: Comparing synthetic C18O maps of embedded protostars to real observations
• The VLA Nascent Disk And Multiplicity Survey of Perseus Protostars (VANDAM). III. Extended Radio Emission from Protostars in Perseus
• Inferring the evolutionary stages of the internal structures of NGC 7538 S and IRS1 from chemistry
• Impact of Cosmic-Ray Feedback on Accretion and Chemistry in Circumstellar Disks
• The methanol lines and hot core of OMC2-FIR4, an intermediate-mass protostar, with Herschel-HIFI
• Competitive Accretion in Sheet Geometry and the Stellar IMF
• Herschel/PACS far-IR spectral imaging of a jet from an intermediate mass protostar in the OMC-2 region

Cited by in corpus (26)

• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. A Statistical Characterization of Class 0 and I Protostellar Disks
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars V. A Characterization of Protostellar Multiplicity
• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS): overview of program and early results
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars IV. Unveiling the Embedded Intermediate-Mass Protostar and Disk within OMC2-FIR3/HOPS-370
• Organic chemistry in the protosolar analogue HOPS-108: Environment matters
• ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): I. Detection of New Hot Corinos with ACA
• Kinematic Analysis of a Protostellar Multiple System: Measuring the Protostar Masses and Assessing Gravitational Instability in the Disks of L1448 IRS3B and L1448 IRS3A
• Low Mass Stars as Tracers of Star and Cluster Formation
• A Detailed View of the Circumstellar Environment and Disk of the Forming O-star AFGL 4176
• Chemical and Physical Characterization of the Isolated Protostellar Source CB68: FAUST. IV
• ORion Alma New GEneration Survey (ORANGES) I. Dust continuum and free-free emission of OMC-2/3 filament protostars
• ALMA Fragmented Source Catalogue in Orion (FraSCO) I. Outflow interaction within an embedded cluster in OMC-2/FIR3, FIR4, and FIR5
• OMC-2 FIR 4 under the microscope: Shocks, filaments, and a highly collimated jet at 100 au scales
• The double signature of local cosmic-ray acceleration in star-forming regions
• Constraining the Chemical Signatures and the Outburst Mechanism of the Class 0 Protostar HOPS 383
• No impact of core-scale magnetic field, turbulence, or velocity gradient on sizes of protostellar disks in Orion A
• Identification of hot gas around low-mass protostars
• Magnetic Spirals in Accretion Flows Originated from Misaligned Magnetic Field
• The NEMESIS Catalogue of Young Stellar Objects for the Orion Star Formation Complex. I. General description of data curation
• Mid-$J$ CO Line Observations of Protostellar Outflows in the Orion Molecular Clouds
• Synthetic Observations of the Infalling Rotating Envelope: Links between the Physical Structure and Observational Features
• SOLIS XVII: Jet candidate unveiled in OMC-2 and its possible link to the enhanced cosmic-ray ionisation rate
• Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS). XIII. Nitrogen fractionation towards the protocluster OMC-2 FIR4
• The chemical nature of Orion protostars: Are ORANGES different from PEACHES? ORANGES II
• An 18 - 25 GHz spectroscopic survey of southern hemisphere dense cores
• Mapping Interstellar Ice Inventory toward Class 0 Protostars in Star-forming Region Orion A with JWST Data