Revealing exciton masses and dielectric properties of monolayer semiconductors with high magnetic fields

Abstract

In semiconductor physics, many essential optoelectronic material parameters can be experimentally revealed via optical spectroscopy in sufficiently large magnetic fields. For monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors, this field scale is substantial --tens of teslas or more-- due to heavy carrier masses and huge exciton binding energies. Here we report absorption spectroscopy of monolayer MoS${}_2$, MoSe${}_2$, MoTe${}_2$, and WS${}_2$ in very high magnetic fields to 91~T. We follow the diamagnetic shifts and valley Zeeman splittings of not only the exciton's $1s$ ground state but also its excited $2s$, $3s$, ..., $ns$ Rydberg states. This provides a direct experimental measure of the effective (reduced) exciton masses and dielectric properties. Exciton binding energies, exciton radii, and free-particle bandgaps are also determined. The measured exciton masses are heavier than theoretically predicted, especially for Mo-based monolayers. These results provide essential and quantitative parameters for the rational design of opto-electronic van der Waals heterostructures incorporating 2D semiconductors.

arXiv commentupdated; now also including data on MoTe2. Accepted & in press, Nature Commun

References in corpus (53)

• Atomically thin MoS2: A new direct-gap semiconductor
• Van der Waals heterostructures
• Coupled spin and valley physics in monolayers of MoS2 and other group-VI dichalcogenides
• Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity
• Valley polarization in MoS2 monolayers by optical pumping
• MoS_2 as an ideal material for valleytronics: valley-selective circular dichroism and valley Hall effect
• Exciton Binding Energy and Nonhydrogenic Rydberg Series in Monolayer WS2
• Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides
• Optical Spectrum of MoS${}_2$: Many-body Effects and Diversity of Exciton States
• Direct observation of the transition from indirect to direct bandgap in atomically thin epitaxial MoSe2
• Three-band tight-binding model for monolayers of group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides
• Theory of Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Quasiparticle band structures and optical properties of strained monolayer MoS2 and WS2
• Breaking of valley degeneracy by magnetic field in monolayer MoSe2
• Dielectric screening in two-dimensional insulators: Implications for excitonic and impurity states in graphane
• Excitonic linewidth approaching the homogeneous limit in MoS2 based van der Waals heterostructures : accessing spin-valley dynamics
• Valley Splitting and Polarization by the Zeeman Effect in Monolayer MoSe2
• Magnetic brightening and control of dark excitons in monolayer WSe2
• Robust optical emission polarization in MoS2 monolayers through selective valley excitation
• Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Few-Layer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• In-plane Propagation of Light in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers: Optical Selection Rules
• Exciton Diamagnetic Shifts and Valley Zeeman Effects in Monolayer WS${}_2$ and MoS${}_2$ to 65 Tesla
• Binding energies of exciton complexes in transition metal dichalcogenides and effect of dielectric environment
• Splitting between Bright and Dark excitons in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers
• Magneto-Optics of Exciton Rydberg States in a Monolayer Semiconductor
• Excitons in van der Waals heterostructures: The important role of dielectric screening
• Probing the influence of dielectric environment on excitons in monolayer WSe2: Insight from high magnetic fields
• Brightening of dark excitons in monolayers of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides
• Atomically thin mirrors made of monolayer semiconductors
• Valley-spin polarized Landau levels in a monolayer semiconductor
• The dielectric impact of layer distances on exciton and trion binding energies in van der Waals heterostructures
• Direct exciton emission from atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures near the lifetime limit
• Realization of an atomically thin mirror using monolayer MoSe2
• The Coulomb interaction in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Magnetostriction and magnetic texture to 97.4 Tesla in frustrated SrCu2(BO3)2
• Magneto-optics in transition metal diselenide monolayers
• Excitonic valley effects in monolayer WS${}_2$ under high magnetic fields
• Environmentally-Sensitive Theory of Electronic and Optical Transitions in Atomically-Thin Semiconductors
• Optical spectroscopy of excited exciton states in MoS2 monolayers in van der Waals heterostructures
• Interactions and magnetotransport through spin-valley coupled Landau levels in monolayer MoS${}_2$
• Spin- and valley-dependent magneto-optical properties of MoS2
• Large effective mass and interaction-enhanced Zeeman splitting of $K$-valley electrons in MoSe${}_2$
• Screened potential of a point charge in a thin film
• Energy spectrum of two-dimensional excitons in a non-uniform dielectric medium
• Valley Contrasting Magnetoluminescence in Monolayer MoS${}_2$ Quantum Hall Systems
• Magneto-excitons in large area CVD grown monolayer MoS${}_2$ and MoSe${}_2$ on sapphire
• Observation of Inter-layer Excitons in MoSe2 Single Crystals
• Emergence of Frohlich polaron from interlayer electron-phonon coupling in van der Waals heterostructure
• Luminescent emission of excited Rydberg excitons from monolayer WSe2
• Spatial extent of the excited exciton states in WS${}_2$ monolayers from diamagnetic shifts
• Excitons, trions, and biexcitons in transition metal dichalcogenides: magnetic field dependence
• Intervalley Polaron in Atomically Thin Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Orbital, spin and valley contributions to Zeeman splitting of excitonic resonances in MoSe${}_2$, WSe${}_2$ and WS${}_2$ monolayers

Cited by in corpus (116)

• Observation of Wigner crystal of electrons in a monolayer semiconductor
• Measurement of the Spin-Forbidden Dark Excitons in MoS2 and MoSe2 monolayers
• Exciton g-factors of van der Waals heterostructures from first principles calculations
• Spin-layer locking of interlayer excitons trapped in moiré potentials
• Exciton diffusion in monolayer semiconductors with suppressed disorder
• Filtering the photoluminescence spectra of atomically thin semiconductors with graphene
• Accessing high optical quality of MoS2 monolayers grown by chemical vapor deposition
• Flat-Bands-Enabled Triplet Excitonic Insulator in a Di-atomic Kagome Lattice
• Exciton-exciton interaction in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers and van der Waals heterostructures
• Theory of exciton-electron scattering in atomically thin semiconductors
• Guide to optical spectroscopy of layered semiconductors
• Kinetic Magnetism in Triangular Moiré Materials
• Ab-initio studies of exciton $g$ factors: Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides in magnetic fields
• Energy spectrum of two-dimensional excitons in a non-uniform dielectric medium
• Creation of moiré bands in a monolayer semiconductor by spatially periodic dielectric screening
• Exciton optics, dynamics and transport in atomically thin semiconductors
• Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials
• Optical signatures of charge order in a Mott-Wigner state
• Dipolar and magnetic properties of strongly absorbing hybrid interlayer excitons in pristine bilayer MoS${}_2$
• Moiré-trapped interlayer trions in a charge-tunable WSe${}_2$/MoSe${}_2$ heterobilayer
• Efficient phonon cascades in hot photoluminescence of WSe${}_2$ monolayers
• Exciton-exciton interaction beyond the hydrogenic picture in a MoSe${}_2$ monolayer in the strong light-matter coupling regime
• Ground and Excited Exciton Polarons in Monolayer MoSe2
• A Many-Body Theory of the Optical Conductivity of Excitons and Trions in Two-Dimensional Materials
• Magnetooptics of layered two-dimensional semiconductors and heterostructures: progress and prospects
• Relaxation and darkening of excitonic complexes in electrostatically-doped monolayer semiconductors: Roles of exciton-electron and trion-electron interactions
• Perfect absorption by an atomically thin crystal
• Spin-defect characteristics of single sulfur vacancies in monolayer ${\text{MoS}}_2$
• Rydberg series of dark excitons and the conduction band spin-orbit splitting in monolayer WSe${}_2$
• Autoionization and dressing of excited excitons by free carriers in monolayer WSe2
• Lasing of Moiré Trapped MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ Interlayer Excitons Coupled to a Nanocavity
• Strong manipulation of the valley splitting upon twisting and gating in MoSe${}_2$/CrI${}_3$ and WSe${}_2$/CrI${}_3$ van der Waals heterostructures
• Tip-induced excitonic luminescence nanoscopy of an atomically-resolved van der Waals heterostructure
• Charge transfer and asymmetric coupling of MoSe${}_2$ valleys to the magnetic order of CrSBr
• Exposing the trion's fine structure by controlling the carrier concentration in hBN-encapsulated MoS${}_2$
• Exciton-Trion-Polaritons in Two-Dimensional Materials
• Controlling exciton many-body states by the electric-field effect in monolayer MoS${}_2$
• Optical sensing of fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene
• Highly Tunable Ground and Excited State Excitonic Dipoles in Multilayer 2H-MoSe${}_2$
• Coherent dynamics and mapping of excitons in single-layer MoSe${}_2$ and WSe${}_2$ at the homogeneous limit
• Spin/valley coupled dynamics of electrons and holes at the ${\text{MoS}}_2-{\text{MoSe}}_2$ interface
• Spontaneous valley polarization of interacting carriers in a monolayer semiconductor
• GW band structure of monolayer MoS2 using the SternheimerGW method and effect of dielectric environment
• Strain control of exciton and trion spin-valley dynamics in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Transport and localization of indirect excitons in a van der Waals heterostructure
• Band nesting and exciton spectrum in monolayer MoS${}_2$
• Polaron spectroscopy of a bilayer excitonic insulator
• Charged exciton kinetics in monolayer MoSe${}_2$ near ferroelectric domain walls in periodically poled LiNbO${}_3$
• Breakdown of the static dielectric screening approximation of Coulomb interactions in atomically thin semiconductors
• Field-induced hybridization of moiré excitons in MoSe${}_2$/WS${}_2$ heterobilayers
• Tuning the Optical Properties of an MoSe${}_2$ Monolayer Using Nanoscale Plasmonic Antennas
• In-Plane Electric Field Induced Orbital Hybridization of Excitonic States In Monolayer WSe2
• Mott-moiré excitons
• Signatures of sub-band excitons in few-layer black phosphorus
• Trions in MoS${}_2$ are quantum superpositions of intra- and intervalley spin states
• Signatures of electric field and layer separation effects on the spin-valley physics of MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterobilayers: from energy bands to dipolar excitons
• Ultraconfined plasmons in atomically thin crystalline silver nanostructures
• Direct Observation of Intravalley Phonon Scattering of 2s Excitons in MoSe${}_2$ and WSe${}_2$ Monolayers
• Quasiparticle and Optical Properties of Carrier-Doped Monolayer MoTe${}_2$ from First Principles
• Nonlocal Exciton-Photon Interactions in Hybrid High-Q Beam Nanocavities with Encapsulated MoS${}_2$ Monolayers
• Magnetoexcitons in transition-metal dichalcogenides monolayers, bilayers, and van der Waals heterostructures
• Many-body theory of radiative lifetimes of exciton-trion superposition states in doped two-dimensional materials
• Exciton spectrum in atomically thin monolayers: The role of hBN encapsulation
• Interlayer exciton-polaron in atomically thin semiconductors
• Effects of Two-Dimensional Material Thickness and Surrounding Dielectric Medium on Coulomb Interactions and Excitons
• Confined Trions and Mott-Wigner States in a Purely Electrostatic Moiré Potential
• Ultrafast pseudospin quantum beats in multilayer WSe${}_2$ and MoSe${}_2$
• Emergence of 6-particle "hexciton'' states in WS${}_2$ and MoSe${}_2$ monolayers
• Light-matter coupling and non-equilibrium dynamics of exchange-split trions in monolayer WS2
• Excited-State Trions in Two Dimensional Materials
• Crystal Phases of Charged Interlayer Excitons in van der Waals Heterostructures
• Effects of parallel electric and magnetic fields on Rydberg excitons in buckled two-dimensional materials
• The effect of dielectric environment on the brightening of neutral and charged dark excitons in WSe${}_2$ monolayer
• Excitons and trions in WSSe monolayers
• Interlayer excitonic spectra of vertically stacked MoSe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterobilayers
• Enhanced exciton-exciton collisions in an ultra-flat monolayer MoSe2 prepared through deterministic flattening
• Theory of the Coherent Response of Magneto-Excitons and Magneto-Biexcitons in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Spin-valley relaxation dynamics of Landau-quantized electrons in MoSe${}_2$ monolayer
• Semiconductor Bloch equation analysis of optical Stark and Bloch-Siegert shifts in monolayers WSe${}_2$ and MoS${}_2$
• Proximity-enhanced valley Zeeman splitting at the WS${}_2$/graphene interface
• Coupled system of electrons and exciton-polaritons: Screening, dynamical effects, and superconductivity
• Raman scattering excitation in monolayers of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides
• Retrieval of material properties of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides from magnetoexciton energy spectra
• Long-distance decay-less spin transport in indirect excitons in a van der Waals heterostructure
• Thermal effect on magnetoexciton energy spectra in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Searching for Unconventional Superfluid in Excitons of Monolayer Semiconductors
• Rydberg excitons and polaritons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides in a magnetic field
• Tunable effective masses of magneto-excitons in two-dimensional materials
• Viscous hydrodynamics of excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
• Phase diagram of electron-hole liquid in monolayer heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides
• Magneto-Optical Measurements of the Negatively Charged 2$s$ Exciton in WSe${}_2$
• Single- and narrow-line photoluminescence in a boron nitride-supported MoSe${}_2$/graphene heterostructure
• Landau-level composition of bound exciton states in magnetic field
• Charge quenching at defect states in transition metal dichalcogenide-graphene van der Waals heterobilayers
• Exchange-enhanced spin-orbit splitting and its density dependence for electrons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Efficient ionization of two dimensional excitons by intense single cycle terahertz pulses
• Analytical exciton energies in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
• High magnetic field spin-valley-split Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in a WSe${}_2$ monolayer
• Extremely high excitonic $g$-factors in 2D crystals by alloy-induced admixing of band states
• Retrieval of fundamental material parameters of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides from experimental exciton energies: An analytical approach
• Valley pseudospin relaxation of charged excitons in monolayer MoTe${}_2$
• Magneto-Excitonic Duality From Monolayer to Trilayer CrSBr
• Renormalization of the optical band gap through an effective Thirring interaction for massive Dirac-like electrons
• GaN/AlGaN 2DEGs in the quantum regime: Magneto-transport and photoluminescence to 60 tesla
• Fine structure of negatively charged and neutral excitons in monolayer MoS${}_2$
• Rydberg series of intralayer K-excitons in WSe${}_2$ multilayers
• Interlayer exciton mediated second harmonic generation in bilayer MoS2
• Coulomb potential screening via charged carriers and charge-neutral dipoles/excitons in two-dimensional case
• Ferroelectric Control of Interlayer Excitons in 3R-MoS${}_2$ / MoSe${}_2$ Heterostructures
• Exciton Binding Energies in 2D Materials: Insights from Braneworld Physics
• Exciton interacting with the phonons of an electronic Wigner crystal
• Electric field tunable magnetoexcitons in Xenes-hBN-TMDC, Xenes-hBN-BP, and Xenes-hBN-TMTC heterostructures
• Long-living excited states of a 2D diamagnetic exciton
• Semiclassical approach for excitonic spectrum of Coulomb coupling between two Dirac particles
• Magnetoexcitons and Massive Dirac Fermions in Monolayers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in a High Magnetic Field
• Excited Rydberg States in TMD Heterostructures