Cooling and entangling ultracold atoms in optical lattices

Abstract

Scalable, coherent many-body systems can enable the realization of previously unexplored quantum phases and have the potential to exponentially speed up information processing. Thermal fluctuations are negligible and quantum effects govern the behavior of such systems with extremely low temperature. We report the cooling of a quantum simulator with 10,000 atoms and mass production of high-fidelity entangled pairs. In a two-dimensional plane, we cool Mott insulator samples by immersing them into removable superfluid reservoirs, achieving an entropy per particle of $1.9_{-0.4}^{+1.7}\times 10^{-3}{k}_{\text{B}}$. The atoms are then rearranged into a two-dimensional lattice free of defects. We further demonstrate a two-qubit gate with a fidelity of 0.993 $\pm$ 0.001 for entangling 1250 atom pairs. Our results offer a setting for exploring low-energy many-body phases and may enable the creation of large-scale entanglement

References in corpus (56)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Feshbach Resonances in Ultracold Gases
• Cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices
• Quantum Computing
• Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation
• Measurement-based quantum computation with cluster states
• Fast quantum gates for neutral atoms
• A quantum gas microscope - detecting single atoms in a Hubbard regime optical lattice
• Experimental issues in coherent quantum-state manipulation of trapped atomic ions
• The physics of dipolar bosonic quantum gases
• Single-Atom Resolved Fluorescence Imaging of an Atomic Mott Insulator
• Quantum Computing with Very Noisy Devices
• Controlling Spin Exchange Interactions of Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices
• Demonstration of a neutral atom controlled-NOT quantum gate
• Fault-tolerant quantum computation with high threshold in two dimensions
• Probing the Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition at the Single Atom Level
• Entanglement of atoms via cold controlled collisions
• Experimental realization of a long-range antiferromagnet in the Hubbard model with ultracold atoms
• Controlled Collisions for Multiparticle Entanglement of Optically Trapped Atoms
• Single-Spin Addressing in an Atomic Mott Insulator
• Time-resolved Observation and Control of Superexchange Interactions with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices
• Generation and manipulation of Schrödinger cat states in Rydberg atom arrays
• High-temperature superfluidity of fermionic atoms in optical lattices
• Controlled exchange interaction between pairs of neutral atoms in an optical lattice
• High-fidelity control and entanglement of Rydberg atom qubits
• Exact, Complete, and Universal Continuous-Time Worldline Monte Carlo Approach to the Statistics of Discrete Quantum Systems
• Short-range quantum magnetism of ultracold fermions in an optical lattice
• An SU(N) Mott insulator of an atomic Fermi gas realized by large-spin Pomeranchuk cooling
• Monte Carlo study of two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model
• Suppression of the critical temperature for superfluidity near the Mott transition: validating a quantum simulator
• Non-equilibrium dynamics of bosonic atoms in optical lattices: Decoherence of many-body states due to spontaneous emission
• Cooling in strongly correlated optical lattices: prospects and challenges
• Universal gates based on targeted phase shifts in a 3D neutral atom array
• Entropy exchange in a mixture of ultracold atoms
• Counting atoms using interaction blockade in an optical superlattice
• Spin gradient demagnetization cooling of ultracold atoms
• Quantum state engineering of a Hubbard system with ultracold fermions
• Defect-Suppressed Atomic Crystals in an Optical Lattice
• Boson Mott insulators at finite temperatures
• Slow Mass Transport and Statistical Evolution of An Atomic Gas Across the Superfluid-Mott Insulator Transition
• Cooling and Near-equilibrium Dynamics of Atomic Gases Across the Superfluid-Mott Insulator Transition
• Orbital excitation blockade and algorithmic cooling in quantum gases
• d-wave resonating valence bond states of fermionic atoms in optical lattices
• Dark state cooling of atoms by superfluid immersion
• Generation and Detection of Atomic Spin Entanglement in Optical Lattices
• Intrinsic Heating and Cooling in Adiabatic Processes for Bosons in Optical Lattices
• Bose-Hubbard phase diagram with arbitrary integer filling
• Adiabatic preparation of many-body states in optical lattices
• Spin-dependent Optical Superlattice
• Ground state cooling of atoms in optical lattices
• Creation of resilient entangled states and a resource for measurement-based quantum computation with optical superlattices
• Dynamical disentangling and cooling of atoms in bilayer optical lattices
• Minimizing nonadiabaticities in optical-lattice loading
• Slow Thermalization Between a Lattice and Free Bose Gas
• Shaking the entropy out of a lattice: atomic filtering by vibrational excitations

Cited by in corpus (69)

• High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral atom quantum computer
• Observation of gauge invariance in a 71-site Bose-Hubbard quantum simulator
• Thermalization dynamics of a gauge theory on a quantum simulator
• A concise review of Rydberg atom based quantum computation and quantum simulation
• Optical manipulation with metamaterial structures
• Observation of many-body scarring in a Bose--Hubbard quantum simulator
• Ytterbium nuclear-spin qubits in an optical tweezer array
• Spin-twisted Optical Lattices: Tunable Flat Bands and Larkin-Ovchinnikov Superfluids
• Optical lattice platform for the SYK model
• Tuning the Topological $\theta$-Angle in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators of Gauge Theories
• Quantum scrambling with classical shadows
• Probing quantum correlations in many-body systems: a review of scalable methods
• Realization of a Bosonic Antiferromagnet
• Local readout and control of current and kinetic energy operators in optical lattices
• Atomtronic protocol designs for NOON states
• A neutral-atom Hubbard quantum simulator in the cryogenic regime
• Interrelated Thermalization and Quantum Criticality in a Lattice Gauge Simulator
• Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices
• Universal description of dissipative Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids with SU($N$) spin symmetry: Exact spectrum and critical exponents
• Evidence for Bosonization in a three-dimensional gas of SU($N$) fermions
• Thermodynamics and magnetism in the 2D-3D crossover of the Hubbard model
• A Cold-Atom Particle Collider
• Observation of a narrow inner-shell orbital transition in atomic erbium at 1299 nm
• Robustness of gauge-invariant dynamics against defects in ultracold-atom gauge theories
• Kinked linear response from non-Hermitian cold-atom pumping
• Certifying the adiabatic preparation of ultracold lattice bosons in the vicinity of the Mott transition
• Observation of counterflow superfluidity in a two-component Mott insulator
• Optical superlattice for engineering Hubbard couplings in quantum simulation
• Realization of a programmable multi-purpose photonic quantum memory with over-thousand qubit manipulations
• Exact Solutions for Solitary Waves in a Bose-Einstein Condensate under the Action of a Four-Color Optical Lattice
• Quantum Computing by Cooling
• Extraordinary-log Universality of Critical Phenomena in Plane Defects
• Recovering quantum correlations in optical lattices from interaction quenches
• A scheme to create and verify scalable entanglement in optical lattice
• State-dependent potentials for the ${}^1{\text{S}}_0$ and ${}^3{\text{P}}_0$ clock states of neutral ytterbium atoms
• Matrix product state approach for a quantum system at finite temperatures using random phases and Trotter gates
• Non-linear dynamical response of interacting bosons to synthetic electric field
• Quantum extraordinary-log universality of boundary critical behavior
• Large-Scale $2+1$D $\mathrm{U}(1)$ Gauge Theory with Dynamical Matter in a Cold-Atom Quantum Simulator
• Ramsey imaging of optical traps
• Quantifying Quantum Computational Advantage on a Processor of Ultracold Atoms
• Quantum metrology with precision reaching beyond-$1/N$ scaling through $N$-probe entanglement generating interactions
• Spin Entanglement and Magnetic Competition via Long-range Interactions in Spinor Quantum Optical Lattices
• Splitting and connecting singlets in atomic quantum circuits
• One-dimensional purely Lee-Huang-Yang fluids dominated by quantum fluctuations in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
• Localization, transport and edge states in a two-strand ladder network in an aperiodically staggered magnetic field
• Superconductivity in a Topological Lattice Model with Strong Repulsion
• A generalized effective spin-chain formalism for strongly interacting spinor gases in optical lattice
• Experimental demonstration of Quantum Overlapping Tomography
• Variational quantum simulation of long-range interacting systems
• Layer-by-layer assembly of multilayer optical lattices: Application to displaced dice lattice
• Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement on the Spin Precession of Laser-Trapped ${}^{171}$Yb Atoms
• Synthetic U(1) Gauge Invariance in a Spin-1 Bose Gas
• The rotor Jackiw-Rebbi model: a cold-atom approach to chiral symmetry restoration and quark confinement
• The global phase diagram of the cluster-XY spin chain with dissipation
• Dynamical multipartite entanglement in a generalized Tavis-Cummings model with XY spin interaction
• Non-linear response of interacting bosons in a quasiperiodic potential
• Interaction effects of pseudospin-based magnetic monopoles and kinks in a doped dipolar superlattice gas
• Scalable Generation of Massive Schrödinger Cat States via Quantum Tunneling
• Microscopic Study on Superexchange Dynamics of Composite Spin-1 Bosons
• Universal quantum computation and quantum error correction with ultracold atomic mixtures
• Emergence of topological states in relaxation dynamics of interacting bosons
• Manifold formation and crossings of ultracold lattice spinor atoms in the intermediate interaction regime
• Protected quantum gates using qubit doublons in dynamical optical lattices
• Miscibility-Immiscibility transition of strongly interacting bosonic mixtures in optical lattices
• Entanglement as a topological marker in harmonically confined attractive Fermi-Hubbard chains
• Bosonic Peierls state emerging from the one-dimensional Ising-Kondo interaction
• Finite-temperature quantum rotor approach for ultracold bosons in optical lattices
• Protocol for autonomous rearrangement of cold atoms into low-entropy configurations