Certifying the adiabatic preparation of ultracold lattice bosons in the vicinity of the Mott transition

Abstract

We present a joint experimental and theoretical analysis to assess the adiabatic experimental preparation of ultracold bosons in optical lattices aimed at simulating the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. Thermometry of lattice gases is realized from the superfluid to the Mott regime by combining the measurement of three-dimensional momentum-space densities with ab-initio quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations of the same quantity. The measured temperatures across the superfluid-to-Mott transition are in agreement with isentropic lines reconstructed via QMC for the experimental parameters of interest, with a conserved entropy per particle of $S/N=0.8(1)k_B$. In addition, the Fisher information associated with this thermometry method shows that the latter is most accurate in the critical regime close to the Mott transition, as confirmed in the experiment. These results prove that equilibrium states of the Bose-Hubbard model - including those in the quantum-critical regime above the Mott transition - can be adiabatically prepared in cold-atom apparatus.

5 pages + Supp. Mat

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• Global Quantum Thermometry
• Observation of pairs of atoms at opposite momenta in an equilibrium interacting Bose gas
• Uninformed Bayesian Quantum Thermometry
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• Scalable spin squeezing from spontaneous breaking of a continuous symmetry
• Adiabatic theorem for closed quantum systems initialized at finite temperature
• Suppression of Bogoliubov momentum pairing and emergence of non-Gaussian correlations in ultracold interacting Bose gases
• Reconstructing the spatial structure of quantum correlations in materials
• Production of a highly degenerate Fermi gas of metastable helium-3 atoms
• Studying the low-entropy Mott transition of bosons in a three-dimensional optical lattice by measuring the full momentum-space density
• Continuous Transition between Bosonic Fractional Chern Insulator and Superfluid
• Quantum sensing with ultracold simulators in lattice and ensemble systems: a review
• Bayesian quantum thermometry based on thermodynamic length
• Transitionless Quantum Driving of the Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid
• Divergence of thermalization rates driven by the competition between finite temperature and quantum coherence
• Observation of universal non-Gaussian statistics of the order parameter across a continuous phase transition