Observation of antiferromagnetic correlations in the Hubbard model with ultracold atoms

Abstract

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices have great potential to contribute to a better understanding of some of the most important issues in many-body physics, such as high-$T_c$ superconductivity. The Hubbard model describes many of the features shared by the copper oxides, including an interaction-driven Mott insulating state and an antiferromagnetic (AFM) state. Optical lattices filled with a two-spin-component Fermi gas of ultracold atoms can faithfully realise the Hubbard model with readily tunable parameters, and thus provide a platform for the systematic exploration of its phase diagram. Realisation of strongly correlated phases, however, has been hindered by the need to cool the atoms to temperatures as low as the magnetic exchange energy, and also by the lack of reliable thermometry. Here we demonstrate spin-sensitive Bragg scattering of light to measure AFM spin correlations in a realisation of the 3D Hubbard model at temperatures down to 1.4 times that of the AFM phase transition. This temperature regime is beyond the range of validity of a simple high-temperature series expansion, which brings our experiment close to the limit of the capabilities of current numerical techniques. We reach these low temperatures using a unique compensated optical lattice technique, in which the confinement of each lattice beam is compensated by a blue-detuned laser beam. The temperature of the atoms in the lattice is deduced by comparing the light scattering to determinantal quantum Monte Carlo and numerical linked-cluster expansion calculations. Further refinement of the compensated lattice may produce even lower temperatures which, along with light scattering thermometry, would open avenues for achieving and characterising other novel quantum states of matter, such as the pseudogap regime of the 2D Hubbard model.

References in corpus (7)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Quantum Simulation of Antiferromagnetic Spin Chains in an Optical Lattice
• Numerical Linked-Cluster Approach to Quantum Lattice Models
• Cooling in strongly correlated optical lattices: prospects and challenges
• A Short Introduction to Numerical Linked-Cluster Expansions
• Thermodynamics of the 3D Hubbard model on approach to the Neel transition
• Enlarging and cooling the Néel state in an optical lattice

Cited by in corpus (123)

• A Quantum Gas Microscope for Fermionic Atoms
• Dipolar physics: A review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases
• Homogeneous Atomic Fermi Gases
• Unsupervised machine learning account of magnetic transitions in the Hubbard model
• Finite-range interacting Ising quantum magnets with Rydberg atoms in optical lattices - From Rydberg superatoms to crystallization
• Strongly interacting ultracold polar molecules
• Altermagnetic anomalous Hall effect emerging from electronic correlations
• Compressibility of a fermionic Mott insulator of ultracold atoms
• Spatial coherence of spin-orbit-coupled Bose gases
• Realizing Altermagnetism in Fermi-Hubbard Models with Ultracold Atoms
• Spin-charge separation in a 1D Fermi gas with tunable interactions
• Topological Mott Insulator at Quarter Filling in the Interacting Haldane Model
• Measuring Arbitrary Physical Properties in Analog Quantum Simulation
• Theoretical Prediction of Non-Hermitian Skin Effect in Ultracold Atom Systems
• Extended Hubbard model for mesoscopic transport in donor arrays in silicon
• Cavity-enhanced optical lattices for scaling neutral atom quantum technologies to higher qubit numbers
• Ferromagnetism beyond Lieb's theorem
• Universal description of dissipative Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids with SU($N$) spin symmetry: Exact spectrum and critical exponents
• Proposal for measuring the finite-temperature Drude weight of integrable systems
• Theory of triangulene two-dimensional crystals
• Quantum Simulation of Competing Orders with Fermions in Quantum Optical Lattices
• From sudden quench to adiabatic dynamics in the attractive Hubbard model
• Effects of interaction strength, doping, and frustration on the antiferromagnetic phase of the two-dimensional Hubbard model
• Metal-insulator transition and magnetism of SU(3) fermions in the square lattice
• Ultracold few fermionic atoms in needle-shaped double wells: spin chains and resonating spin clusters from microscopic Hamiltonians emulated via antiferromagnetic Heisenberg and t-J models
• Finite-temperature superconducting correlations of the Hubbard model
• Interaction quantum quenches in the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model with spin imbalance
• Formation of stripes in a mixed-dimensional cold-atom Fermi-Hubbard system
• Structure of Spin Correlations in High Temperature SU($N$) Quantum Magnets
• Quantum degenerate Fermi gas in an orbital optical lattice
• Temporal decay of Neel order in the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model
• Minimizing nonadiabaticities in optical-lattice loading
• Analytical Solution for the Steady States of the Driven Hubbard model
• Quantum gas microscopy of a geometrically frustrated Hubbard system
• SmoQyDQMC.jl: A flexible implementation of determinant quantum Monte Carlo for Hubbard and electron-phonon interactions (version 2.0 release)
• Spontaneously symmetry breaking states in the attractive SU$(N)$ Hubbard model
• Phase transitions in partial summation methods: Results from the 3D Hubbard model
• Magnetic Correlations in the Two-dimensional Repulsive Fermi Hubbard Model
• Certifying the adiabatic preparation of ultracold lattice bosons in the vicinity of the Mott transition
• Spin squeezing in open Heisenberg spin chains
• Magnetic, thermodynamic, and dynamical properties of the three-dimensional fermionic Hubbard model: A comprehensive Monte Carlo study
• Numerical linked cluster expansions for inhomogeneous systems
• Magnetic lattices for ultracold atoms and degenerate quantum gases
• Thermal disruption of a Luttinger liquid
• Coulomb interaction-driven entanglement of electrons on helium
• Measuring nonlocal three-body spatial correlations with Rydberg trimers in ultracold quantum gases
• The spectral function of Mott-insulating Hubbard ladders: From fractionalized excitations to coherent quasi-particles
• Algorithmic Shadow Spectroscopy
• Quantifying hole-motion-induced frustration in doped antiferromagnets by Hamiltonian reconstruction
• Neural-network quantum states for a two-leg Bose-Hubbard ladder under magnetic flux
• Numerical results on the short-range spin correlation functions in the ground state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model
• Multiparticle interactions for ultracold atoms in optical tweezers: Cyclic ring-exchange terms
• Nearly nondestructive thermometry of labeled cold atoms and application to isotropic laser cooling
• Environment-induced decay dynamics of anti-ferromagnetic order in Mott-Hubbard systems
• Magnetic phase diagram of the three-dimensional doped Hubbard model
• Hubbard physics with Rydberg atoms: using a quantum spin simulator to simulate strong fermionic correlations
• One-dimensional Repulsive Fermi Gas in a Tunable Periodic Potential
• Hubbard model on the kagome lattice with time-reversal invariant flux and spin-orbit coupling
• Light-induced odd-parity altermagnets on dimerized lattices
• Cooling schemes for two-component fermions in layered optical lattices
• Ultracold Bose Mixtures with Spin-Dependent Fermion-Mediated Interactions
• Fast and direct preparation of a genuine lattice BEC via the quantum Mpemba effect
• Hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for the transverse-field Ising model in the thermodynamic limit
• Metal-insulator transition in the disordered Hubbard model of the Lieb lattice
• Programmable Hamiltonian engineering with quadratic quantum Fourier transform
• Phase separations induced by a trapping potential in one-dimensional fermionic systems as a source of core-shell structures
• Efficiency of fermionic quantum distillation
• Size and shape of Mott regions for fermionic atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice
• A generalized effective spin-chain formalism for strongly interacting spinor gases in optical lattice
• Engineering of a Low-Entropy Quantum Simulator for Strongly Correlated Electrons Using SU($\mathcal{N}$)-Symmetric Cold Atom Mixtures
• Yukawa-Lorentz symmetry of interacting non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions
• Digital quantum simulation of lattice fermion theories with local encoding
• Ising phase transitions and thermodynamics of correlated fermions in a two-dimensional spin-dependent lattice potential
• Kernel-Function Based Quantum Algorithms for Finite Temperature Quantum Simulation
• Efficiently measuring $d$-wave pairing and beyond in quantum gas microscopes
• Kinetic magnetism in the crossover between the square and triangular lattice Fermi-Hubbard models
• The fate of pairing and spin-charge separation in the presence of long-range antiferromagnetism
• Thermal transitions of the modulated superfluid for spin-orbit coupled correlated bosons in an optical lattice
• Topological phase in the extended Haldane-Hubbard model with sublattice-dependent repulsion
• Dual Spectroscopy of Quantum Simulated Fermi-Hubbard Systems
• Transition from band insulator to Mott insulator and formation of local moment in half-filled ionic SU($N$) Hubbard model
• Simulation of classical Ising-like magnetism with a Mott insulator of paired atoms
• Single- and two-particle finite size effects in interacting lattice systems
• Flat band effects on the ground-state BCS-BEC crossover in atomic Fermi gases in a quasi-two-dimensional Lieb lattice
• Fluctuation based interpretable analysis scheme for quantum many-body snapshots
• L-based numerical linked cluster expansion for square lattice models
• A universal pairing gap measurement proposal by dynamical excitations in 2D doped attractive Fermi-Hubbard model with spin-orbit coupling
• Geometric orthogonal metals: Hidden antiferromagnetism and pseudogap from fluctuating stripes
• Finite temperatures and flat bands: the Hubbard model on three-dimensional Lieb lattices
• Thermal Entropy, Density Disorder and Antiferromagnetism of Repulsive Fermions in 3D Optical Lattice
• Effects of forward disorder on quasi-1D superconductors
• Spin distillation cooling of ultracold Bose gases
• Spin-orbit-coupling-induced magnetic heterostructure in the bilayer Bose-Hubbard system
• Building Entanglement Entropy out of Correlation Functions for Interacting Fermions
• Structural complexity of snapshots of 2D Fermi-Hubbard systems
• Dynamical structure factor and a new method to measure the pairing gap in two-dimensional attractive Fermi-Hubbard model
• Itinerant ferromagnetism in an SU(3) Fermi-Hubbard model at finite temperatures: A dynamical mean-field theory study
• Thermometry for Laughlin States of Ultracold Atoms
• Quantum Adiabatic Doping for Atomic Fermi-Hubbard Quantum Simulations
• Quantum Triticality of Bosonic Atomic-Molecular Mixtures with Feshbach Coupling
• Microscopic theory of the Hubbard interaction in low-dimensional optical lattices
• Optical lattice quantum simulator of dynamics beyond Born-Oppenheimer
• Rydberg dressed spin-1/2 Fermi gases in one dimension
• Magnetostriction in the $J$-$K$-$\Gamma$ model: Application of the numerical linked cluster expansion
• Quantum Monte Carlo study of the metal-insulator crossover in the square-lattice Hubbard model
• Exact results for the Hubbard model on bipartite lattices in spatial dimensions $d>1$: Seven theorems from the full [SU(2)$\times$SU(2)$\times$U(1)]/${\mathbb{Z}}_2^2$ symmetry
• Ground-state phase diagram of the SU($4$) Heisenberg model on a plaquette lattice
• Evaluating second-order phase transitions with Diagrammatic Monte Carlo: Néel Transition in the doped three-dimensional Hubbard model
• Interaction-Induced Gradients Across a Confined Fermion Lattice
• Density redistribution effects in fermionic optical lattices
• Site-resolved observables in the doped spin-imbalanced triangular Hubbard model
• Enhancing quantum order with fermions by increasing species degeneracy
• Dynamics of Quantum Droplets in a Quasi-one-dimensional Framework: An Analytical Approach
• Competitive algorithms for calculating the ground state properties of Bose-Fermi mixtures
• Beyond fragmented dopant dynamics in quantum spin lattices: Robust localization and non-Gaussian diffusion
• Active Quantum Distillation
• Microscopy of cavity-induced density-wave ordering in ultracold gases
• Insulating-to-conducting state transition in the bilayer Hubbard model induced by a perpendicular quench field
• Suppression of coherent light scattering in a three-dimensional atomic array
• Update of Hartree--Fock theory for Hubbard-like models
• Generalized Nagaoka ferromagnetism accompanied by flavor-selective Mott states in an SU($N$) Fermi-Hubbard model
• Trion formation and ordering in the attractive SU(3) Fermi-Hubbard model
• Raman Characterization of Two-Dimensional Quasiperiodic Antiferromagnets on Various Lattices: Spin-Orbit Mechanism