Cavity-enhanced optical lattices for scaling neutral atom quantum technologies to higher qubit numbers

Abstract

We demonstrate a cavity-based solution to scale up experiments with ultracold atoms in optical lattices by an order of magnitude over state-of-the-art free space lattices. Our two-dimensional optical lattices are created by power enhancement cavities with large mode waists of 489(8) $\mu$m and allow us to trap ultracold strontium atoms at a lattice depth of 60 $\mu$K by using only 80 mW of input light per cavity axis. We characterize these lattices using high-resolution clock spectroscopy and resolve carrier transitions between different vibrational levels. With these spectral features, we locally measure the lattice potential envelope and the sample temperature with a spatial resolution limited only by the optical resolution of the imaging system. The measured ground-band and trap lifetimes are 18(3) s and 59(2) s, respectively, and the lattice frequency (depth) is long-term stable on the MHz (0.1\%) level. Our results show that large, deep, and stable two-dimensional cavity-enhanced lattices can be created at any wavelength and can be used to scale up neutral-atom-based quantum simulators, quantum computers, sensors, and optical lattice clocks.

18 pages, 10 figures

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• Coherent excitation of a $\mu$Hz scale optical magnetic quadrupole transition
• Prospects for measuring the electron's electric dipole moment with polyatomic molecules in an optical lattice
• Time optimal quantum state transfer in a fully-connected quantum computer
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• Dark spin-cats as biased qubits
• Differential polarizability at 1064 nm of the strontium intercombination transition
• Absolute frequency measurements on the $5s5p^3$P${}_0\to 5s6d^3$D${}_1$ transition in strontium
• Sequential information theoretic protocols in continuous variable systems
• Casimir-Polder potential on an excited atom near an atomic array
• Fast collisional $\sqrt{\mathrm{SWAP}}$ gate for fermionic atoms in an optical superlattice