Cavity-induced emergent topological spin textures in a Bose Einstein condensate

Abstract

The coupled nonlinear dynamics of ultracold quantum matter and electromagnetic field modes in an optical resonator exhibits a wealth of intriguing collective phenomena. Here we study a $\Lambda$-type, three-component Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to four dynamical running-wave modes of a ring cavity, where only two of the modes are externally pumped. However, the unpumped modes play a crucial role in the dynamics of the system due to coherent back-scattering of photons. On a mean- field level we identify three fundamentally different steady-state phases with distinct characteristics in the density and spatial spin textures: a combined density and spin wave, a continuous spin spiral with a homogeneous density, and a spin spiral with a modulated density. The spin-spiral states, which are topological, are intimately related to cavity-induced spin-orbit coupling emerging beyond a critical pump power. The topologically trivial density-wave--spin-wave state has the characteristics of a supersolid with two broken continuous symmetries. The transitions between different phases are either simultaneously topological and first order, or second order. The proposed setup allows the simulation of intriguing many-body quantum phenomena by solely tuning the pump amplitudes and frequencies, with the cavity output fields serving as a built-in nondestructive observation tool.

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Cited by in corpus (15)

• Cavity QED with Quantum Gases: New Paradigms in Many-Body Physics
• Cavity-quantum-electrodynamical toolbox for quantum magnetism
• Supersolid properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a ring resonator
• Numerically exact treatment of many body self-organization in a cavity
• Unraveling the quantum nature of atomic self-ordering in a ring cavity
• Open Quantum-System Simulation of Faraday's Induction Law via Dynamical Instabilities
• Cavity-induced spin-orbit coupling in an interacting bosonic wire
• Many-Body Phases of a Planar Bose-Einstein Condensate with Cavity-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Spin and density self-ordering in dynamic polarization gradients fields
• Self-ordered supersolid phase beyond Dicke superradiance in a ring cavity
• Controlling the dynamics of atomic correlations via the coupling to a dissipative cavity
• Floquet engineering of the Lifshitz phase transition in the Hubbard model
• Self-trapped atomic matter wave in a ring cavity
• Non-equilibrium quantum phase transition in a spinor quantum gas in a lattice coupled to a membrane
• Collision of two self-trapped atomic matter wave packets in an optical ring cavity