Engineering Ising-XY spin models in a triangular lattice via tunable artificial gauge fields

Abstract

Emulation of gauge fields for ultracold atoms provides access to a class of exotic states arising in strong magnetic fields. Here we report on the experimental realisation of tunable staggered gauge fields in a periodically driven triangular lattice. For maximal staggered magnetic fluxes, the doubly degenerate superfluid ground state breaks both a discrete Z2 (Ising) symmetry and a continuous U(1) symmetry. By measuring an Ising order parameter, we observe a thermally driven phase transition from an ordered antiferromagnetic to an unordered paramagnetic state and textbook-like magnetisation curves. Both the experimental and theoretical analysis of the coherence properties of the ultracold gas demonstrate the strong influence of the Z2 symmetry onto the condensed phase.

References in corpus (7)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Quantum Simulation of Antiferromagnetic Spin Chains in an Optical Lattice
• Time-resolved Observation and Control of Superexchange Interactions with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices
• Tunable gauge potential for neutral and spinless particles in driven lattices
• Non-Abelian gauge fields and topological insulators in shaken optical lattices
• In situ observation of strongly interacting ferromagnetic domains in a shaken optical lattice
• Spin and chiral orderings of the antiferromagnetic XY model on the triangular lattice and their critical properties

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