Bragg Scattering as a Probe of Atomic Wavefunctions and Quantum Phase Transitions in Optical Lattices

Abstract

We have observed Bragg scattering of photons from quantum degenerate ${}^{87}$Rb atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Bragg scattered light directly probes the microscopic crystal structure and atomic wavefunction whose position and momentum width is Heisenberg-limited. The spatial coherence of the wavefunction leads to revivals in the Bragg scattered light due to the atomic Talbot effect. The decay of revivals across the superfluid to Mott insulator transition indicates the loss of superfluid coherence.

5 pages, 4 figures

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• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
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• Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices: mimicking condensed matter physics and beyond
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• Vortices and Superfluidity in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Quantum Simulation of Antiferromagnetic Spin Chains in an Optical Lattice
• Spin gradient demagnetization cooling of ultracold atoms
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