Relic Abundance of Dark Photon Dark Matter

Abstract

We present a new mechanism for producing the correct relic abundance of dark photon dark matter over a wide range of its mass, extending down to $10^{-20}\mathrm{eV}$. The dark matter abundance is initially stored in an axion which is misaligned from its minimum. When the axion starts oscillating, it efficiently transfers its energy into dark photons via a tachyonic instability. If the dark photon mass is within a few orders of magnitude of the axion mass, $m_{{\gamma }^{\prime }}/m_a=\mathcal{O}(10^{-3}-1)$, then dark photons make up the dominant form of dark matter today. We present a numerical lattice simulation for a benchmark model that explicitly realizes our mechanism. This mechanism firms up the motivation for a number of experiments searching for dark photon dark matter.

5 pages + supplementary material, 4 figures

References in corpus (55)

• Cold and Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Reheating after Inflation
• Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
• Progress in Lunar Laser Ranging Tests of Relativistic Gravity
• Cosmological Signature of New Parity-Violating Interactions
• Exploring the String Axiverse with Precision Black Hole Physics
• Cosmological Relaxation of the Electroweak Scale
• First constraints on fuzzy dark matter from Lyman-$\alpha$ forest data and hydrodynamical simulations
• Vector Dark Matter from Inflationary Fluctuations
• Torsion-balance tests of the weak equivalence principle
• Dielectric Haloscopes: A New Way to Detect Axion Dark Matter
• The MICROSCOPE mission: first results of a space test of the Equivalence Principle
• Dark Light, Dark Matter and the Misalignment Mechanism
• Bosonic super-WIMPs as keV-scale dark matter
• Primordial magnetic fields from pseudo-Goldstone bosons
• Leptogenesis from Gravity Waves in Models of Inflation
• Naturally inflating on steep potentials through electromagnetic dissipation
• New stellar constraints on dark photons
• A Clockwork Axion
• Black Hole Superradiance Signatures of Ultralight Vectors
• Direct Detection Constraints on Dark Photon Dark Matter
• Dark Matter Direct Detection with Accelerometers
• Short-range tests of the equivalence principle
• MICROSCOPE mission: first constraints on the violation of the weak equivalence principle by a light scalar dilaton
• A Radio for Hidden-Photon Dark Matter Detection
• Natural inflation with multiple sub-Planckian axions
• Axion and hidden photon dark matter detection with multilayer optical haloscopes
• Absorption of light dark matter in semiconductors
• Gauge Fields and Inflation: Chiral Gravitational Waves, Fluctuations and the Lyth Bound
• Dark Matter Detectors as Dark Photon Helioscopes
• Non-Gaussianities and chiral gravitational waves in natural steep inflation
• Birefringent Gravitational Waves and the Consistency Check of Inflation
• Detecting Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter via Absorption in Superconductors
• New Physics in the Rayleigh-Jeans Tail of the CMB
• Searching for Dark Photon Dark Matter with Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Gravitational waves from gauge preheating
• Fast Radio Bursts and Axion Miniclusters
• A Search for Hidden Sector Photons with ADMX
• First Direct-Detection Constraints on eV-Scale Hidden-Photon Dark Matter with DAMIC at SNOLAB
• Electromagnetic emission from axionic clouds and the quenching of superradiant instabilities
• Fuzzy Dark Matter and Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions
• The Weak Gravity Conjecture and Effective Field Theory
• Portal Connecting Dark Photons and Axions
• Cosmological abundance of the QCD axion coupled to hidden photons
• MICROSCOPE limits for new long-range forces and implications for unified theories
• Superradiance in rotating stars and pulsar-timing constraints on dark photons
• Dynamics of the cosmological relaxation after reheating
• Oscillating Chiral Tensor Spectrum from Axionic Inflation
• Dark photon relic dark matter production through the dark axion portal
• Cryogenic resonant microwave cavity searches for hidden sector photons
• Photon enhancement in a homogeneous axion dark matter background
• Probing Hidden Sectors with Stückelberg U(1) Gauge Fields
• Light Chiral Dark Sector
• Late-time magnetogenesis driven by ALP dark matter and dark photon
• Photon propagation in a cold axion background with and without magnetic field

Cited by in corpus (174)

• Dark photon limits: a handbook
• Dark Photon Dark Matter Produced by Axion Oscillations
• Recent Progress in the Physics of Axions and Axion-Like Particles
• Completely Dark Photons from Gravitational Particle Production During Inflation
• The Cosmological Evolution of Light Dark Photon Dark Matter
• Dark Photon Oscillations in Our Inhomogeneous Universe
• In Search of Large Signals at the Cosmological Collider
• Constraining axion inflation with gravitational waves across 29 decades in frequency
• Gravitational wave probes of dark matter: challenges and opportunities
• Whispers from the dark side: Confronting light new physics with NANOGrav data
• Constraints on dark photon dark matter using data from LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run
• Dark Photon Stars: Formation and Role as Dark Matter Substructure
• Exploring New Physics with O(keV) Electron Recoils in Direct Detection Experiments
• Gravitational wave probes of axion-like particles
• Misalignment & Co.: (Pseudo-)scalar and vector dark matter with curvature couplings
• Modeling and searching for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight vector bosons
• Small-scale structure in vector dark matter
• Gravitational Waves and Dark Photon Dark Matter from Axion Rotations
• Gas-rich dwarf galaxies as a new probe of dark matter interactions with ordinary matter
• Searching for vector dark matter with an optomechanical accelerometer
• Galactic Center Gas Clouds and Novel Bounds on Ultra-Light Dark Photon, Vector Portal, Strongly Interacting, Composite, and Super-Heavy Dark Matter
• Detecting Light Boson Dark Matter through Conversion into Magnon
• Helical Inflation Correlators: Partial Mellin-Barnes and Bootstrap Equations
• The problem with Proca: ghost instabilities in self-interacting vector fields
• Light Dark Matter from Inflaton Decay
• Limits from the Funk Experiment on the Mixing Strength of Hidden-Photon Dark Matter in the Visible and Near-Ultraviolet Wavelength Range
• Direct detection of dark photon dark matter using radio telescopes
• Dark Photon Dark Matter in the Presence of Inhomogeneous Structure
• Self-gravitating Vector Dark Matter
• Earth as a transducer for dark-photon dark-matter detection
• Ultralight vector dark matter search with auxiliary length channels of gravitational wave detectors
• Probing dark photons with plasma haloscopes
• Implications of Gravitational-wave Production from Dark Photon Resonance to Pulsar-timing Observations and Effective Number of Relativistic Species
• Light Dark Photon Dark Matter from Inflation
• The Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx): Search for axions at 90 GHz with Kinetic Inductance Detectors
• Dark Matter Absorption via Electronic Excitations
• Dark photon vortex formation and dynamics
• On the Wondrous Stability of ALP Dark Matter
• Hidden Photon Dark Matter in the Light of XENON1T and Stellar Cooling
• Modeling Dark Photon Oscillations in Our Inhomogeneous Universe
• Vortex String Formation in Black Hole Superradiance of a Dark Photon with the Higgs Mechanism
• Polarized Vector Oscillons
• Gravitational Production of Hidden Photon Dark Matter in Light of the XENON1T Excess
• Effective photon mass and (dark) photon conversion in the inhomogeneous Universe
• Neutron Stars with Baryon Number Violation, Probing Dark Sectors
• Gravitational production of dark photon dark matter with mass generated by the Higgs mechanism
• New opportunities for axion dark matter searches in nonstandard cosmological models
• Vector dark matter production from inflation with symmetry breaking
• Warm dark energy
• A singularity problem for interacting massive vectors
• Constraint on Vector Coherent Oscillation Dark Matter with Kinetic Function
• Nano-Hz gravitational wave signature from axion dark matter
• Dark Photon Dark Matter without Stueckelberg Mass
• Electromagnetic Bursts from Mergers of Oscillons in Axion-like Fields
• Radio-frequency Dark Photon Dark Matter across the Sun
• Constraints on the ultralight scalar boson from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs using the stochastic gravitational-wave background
• Direct Detection of Dark Matter -- APPEC Committee Report
• Constraining early dark energy with gravitational waves before recombination
• Feebly Interacting $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ Gauge Boson Warm Dark Matter and XENON1T Anomaly
• Search for dark-photon dark matter in the SuperMAG geomagnetic field dataset
• Probing new light gauge bosons with gravitational-wave interferometers using an adapted semi-coherent method
• Hints of dark photon dark matter from observations and hydrodynamical simulations of the low-redshift Lyman-$\alpha$ forest
• Audible Axions with a Booster: Stochastic Gravitational Waves from Rotating ALPs
• First search for ultralight dark matter with a space-based gravitational-wave antenna: LISA Pathfinder
• Kinetic relaxation and Bose-star formation in multicomponent dark matter- I
• Muon g-2 and EDM experiments as muonic dark matter detectors
• Searching for Ultralight Dark Matter Conversion in Solar Corona using Low Frequency Array Data
• One $\mu$ to rule them all: CMB spectral distortions can probe domain walls, cosmic strings and low scale phase transitions
• Axion-photon-dark photon oscillation and its implication for 21 cm observation
• Gravitational Waves from an Axion-Dark Photon System: A Lattice Study
• Parity violating gravitational waves at the end of inflation
• Cosmological Tension of Ultralight Axion Dark Matter and its Solutions
• Dark photon dark matter from an oscillating dilaton
• Clocking Out Superradiance Limits
• Sterile neutrino dark matter catalyzed by a very light dark photon
• Spillway Preheating
• Effective Field Theory of Stückelberg Vector Bosons
• Methods and prospects for gravitational wave searches targeting ultralight vector boson clouds around known black holes
• Axion/Hidden-Photon Dark Matter Conversion into Condensed Matter Axion
• Sensitivity of Space-based Gravitational-Wave Interferometers to Ultralight Bosonic Fields and Dark Matter
• Constraining dark photons and their connection to 21 cm cosmology with CMB data
• Dark photon dark matter from a rolling inflaton
• Viable Vector Coherent Oscillation Dark Matter
• Hidden Photon Dark Matter Interacting via Axion-like Particles
• Dark Matter Candidates and Searches
• Cosmologically Varying Kinetic Mixing
• Yang-Mills stars in Higgsed non-Abelian dark matter
• Gravitational wave probes of particle dark matter: a review
• One-Electron Quantum Cyclotron as a Milli-eV Dark-Photon Detector
• Dark photon dark matter from charged inflaton
• Supernova constraints on an axion-photon-dark photon interaction
• Solving local anomaly equations in gauge-rank extensions of the Standard Model
• Photons from dark photon solitons via parametric resonance
• Analytic study of dark photon and gravitational wave production from axion
• Gamma-ray spectral modulations induced by photon-ALP-dark photon oscillations
• A multi-temperature universe can allow a sub-MeV dark photon dark matter
• Limits on Dark Photons, Scalars, and Axion-Electromagnetodynamics with The ORGAN Experiment
• Axion Periodicity and Coupling Quantization in the Presence of Mixing
• Gravitational Production of Completely Dark Photons with Nonminimal Couplings to Gravity
• The Spectrum of Dark Radiation as a Probe of Reheating
• Warm and Fuzzy Dark Matter: Free Streaming of Wave Dark Matter
• Distortion of neutrino oscillations by dark photon dark matter
• Can ultralight dark matter explain the age-velocity dispersion relation of the Milky Way disc: A revised and improved treatment
• Early dark energy by dark Higgs, and axion-induced non-thermal trapping
• Detectable and defect-free dark photon dark matter
• i-SPin: An integrator for multicomponent Schrödinger-Poisson systems with self-interactions
• Experimental targets for dark photon dark matter
• Resonant production of dark photons from axion without a large coupling
• Challenging the Stability of Light Millicharged Dark Matter
• Riding the dark matter wave: Novel limits on general dark photons from LISA Pathfinder
• Stealth decaying spin-1 dark matter
• Gauged Quintessence
• Universality of linear perturbations in SU($N$)-natural inflation
• Self-Gravity Effects of Ultralight Boson Clouds Formed by Black Hole Superradiance
• Swampland Bounds on Dark Sectors
• Dark matter detection using nuclear magnetization in magnet with hyperfine interaction
• Near-horizon microstructure and superradiant instability of black holes
• Non-thermally trapped inflation by tachyonic dark photon production
• Very Light Asymmetric Dark Matter
• Solar radio emissions and ultralight dark matter
• Absorption of Vector Dark Matter Beyond Kinetic Mixing
• Stochastic gravitational wave background: birth from string-wall death
• Constraining Light Dark Photons from GW190517 and GW190426_152155
• Dark Matter from Entropy Perturbations in Curved Field Space
• Highly Excited Electron Cyclotron for QCD Axion and Dark-Photon Detection
• In Situ Measurements of Dark Photon Dark Matter Using Parker Solar Probe: Going beyond the Radio Window
• First Search for Ultralight Dark Matter Using a Magnetically Levitated Particle
• Probing ultra-light dark photon from inverse Compton-like scattering
• $E_6$ Motivated UMSSM Confronts Experimental Data
• Listening for Dark Photon Radio from the Galactic Centre
• Phenomenology of wavelike vector dark matter nonminimally coupled to gravity
• Search for continuous gravitational wave signals from luminous dark photon superradiance clouds with LVK O3 observations
• The Muon Magnetic Moment and Physics Beyond the Standard Model
• Domain Wall Network: A Dual Solution for Gravitational Waves and Hubble Tension?
• Misalignment production of vector boson dark matter from axion-SU(2) inflation
• B-modes from Post-inflationary Gravitational Waves Sourced by Axionic Instabilities at Cosmic Reionization
• Dark photon dark matter and fast radio bursts
• Methodology for constraining ultralight vector bosons with gravitational wave searches targeting merger remnant black holes
• Dark photon portal into mirror world
• Superradiant Searches for Dark Photons in Two Stage Atomic Transitions
• Future targets for light gauge bosons from cosmic strings
• Early Growth of Structure in Warm Wave Dark Matter
• New model of spontaneous scalarization of black holes induced by curvature and matter
• Dark photon - dark energy stationary axisymmetric black holes
• Do neutrinos bend? Consequences of an ultralight gauge field as dark matter
• The imprint of ultralight vector fields on gravitational wave propagation
• Ultracompact vector stars
• Co-Interacting Dark Matter
• Adiabatic Conversion of ALPs into Dark Photon Dark Matter
• Light and Feebly Interacting Non-Abelian Vector Dark Matter Produced Through Vector Misalignment
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Particle dispersion in the classical vector dark matter background
• Ultralight vector dark matter, anisotropies and cosmological adiabatic modes
• Axion sourcing in dense stellar matter via CP-violating couplings
• Hidden Photon and Axion Dark Matter from Symmetry Breaking
• Electric current on surface of a metal/superconductor in axion/hidden-photon background
• Structure Formation with Warm White Noise: Effects of Finite Number Density and Velocity Dispersion in Particle and Wave Dark Matter
• Particle Production from Oscillating Scalar Field and Consistency of Boltzmann Equation
• Dark photon dark matter from flattened axion potentials
• Invisible neutron decay and light BSM particles
• Sensitivity forecasts for gravitational-wave detectors to dark matter decaying into gravitons
• Influence of dark photon on magnetized and charged particle orbits around static spherically symmetric black hole
• From oversimplified to overlooked: the case for exploring Rich Dark Sectors
• Gravitational Wave Signatures from Warm Dark Energy
• Ultralight dark matter detection with trapped-ion interferometry
• Plausible constraints and inflationary production for dark photons
• Dark Matter Haloscope with a Disordered Dielectric Absorber
• Conformal anomaly transport induced by dark photon
• Dark photon dark matter constraints at the Taiwan axion search experiment with haloscope
• Galactic magnetic fields seeded by ultralight dark photons
• The Dark Photon: a 2026 Perspective
• Internal symmetry to the rescue: well-posed 1+1 evolution of self-interacting vector fields
• Distinguishing between dark-matter interactions with gravitational-wave detectors
• Polarized solitons in higher-spin wave dark matter