One $\mu$ to rule them all: CMB spectral distortions can probe domain walls, cosmic strings and low scale phase transitions

Abstract

We present a new probe of purely gravitationally coupled sectors with large anisotropies. These anisotropies are damped via gravitational interactions with the baryon-photon fluid, which is heated up in the process. The injected heat causes measurable distortions of the cosmic microwave background spectrum. We give analytic estimates for the size of the distortions and outline how to calculate them from first principles. These methods are applied to anisotropies in the form of a domain wall/cosmic string network or caused by a first order phase transition or scalar field dynamics. We find that this method can potentially probe large regions of previously unconstrained parameter space and is very much complementary to up-coming searches of gravitational waves caused by such dark sectors.

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• Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
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• Gravitational Wave Mountains: current-carrying domain walls