Engineering cryogenic setups for 100-qubit scale superconducting circuit systems

Abstract

A robust cryogenic infrastructure in form of a wired, thermally optimized dilution refrigerator is essential for present and future solid-state based quantum processors. Here, we engineer an extensible cryogenic setup, which minimizes passive and active heat loads, while guaranteeing rapid qubit control and readout. We review design criteria for qubit drive lines, flux lines, and output lines used in typical experiments with superconducting circuits and describe each type of line in detail. The passive heat load of stainless steel and NbTi coaxial cables and the active load due to signal dissipation are measured, validating our robust and extensible concept for thermal anchoring of attenuators, cables, and other microwave components. Our results are important for managing the heat budget of future large-scale quantum computers based on superconducting circuits.

arXiv comment31 pages, 13 figures

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Cited by in corpus (54)

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• Repeated Quantum Error Detection in a Surface Code
• Microwave Quantum Link between Superconducting Circuits Housed in Spatially Separated Cryogenic Systems
• Materials loss measurements using superconducting microwave resonators
• Controlling phonons and photons at the wavelength-scale: silicon photonics meets silicon phononics
• Control and readout of a superconducting qubit using a photonic link
• Qiskit Pulse: Programming Quantum Computers Through the Cloud with Pulses
• Cryogenic electro-optic interconnect for superconducting devices
• Improving the Performance of Deep Quantum Optimization Algorithms with Continuous Gate Sets
• An integrated microwave-to-optics interface for scalable quantum computing
• Single Flux Quantum-Based Digital Control of Superconducting Qubits in a Multi-Chip Module
• Josephson Array Mode Parametric Amplifier
• Demonstration of an All-Microwave Controlled-Phase Gate between Far Detuned Qubits
• High-Energy Quasiparticle Injection into Mesoscopic Superconductors
• Optimizing resource efficiencies for scalable full-stack quantum computers
• Overcoming I/O bottleneck in superconducting quantum computing: multiplexed qubit control with ultra-low-power, base-temperature cryo-CMOS multiplexer
• Squeezing and multimode entanglement of surface acoustic wave phonons
• Characterizing cryogenic amplifiers with a matched temperature-variable noise source
• Propagating Quantum Microwaves: Towards Applications in Communication and Sensing
• Microwave Superconductivity
• Demonstrating the power of quantum computers, certification of highly entangled measurements and scalable quantum nonlocality
• Realization of a Universal Quantum Gate Set for Itinerant Microwave Photons
• A low-noise on-chip coherent microwave source
• Primary thermometry of propagating microwaves in the quantum regime
• Magnetic-field resilience of 3D transmons with thin-film Al/AlO${}_x$/Al Josephson junctions approaching 1 T
• Engineering the microwave to infrared noise photon flux for superconducting quantum systems
• Millikelvin temperature cryo-CMOS multiplexer for scalable quantum device characterisation
• Experimental implementation of non-Clifford interleaved randomized benchmarking with a controlled-S gate
• Breaking the trade-off between fast control and long lifetime of a superconducting qubit
• Quantum bath suppression in a superconducting circuit by immersion cooling
• Coupled superconducting spin qubits with spin-orbit interaction
• A cryogenic on-chip microwave pulse generator for large-scale superconducting quantum computing
• ICARUS-Q: Integrated Control and Readout Unit for Scalable Quantum Processors
• Nonequilibrium heat transport and work with a single artificial atom coupled to a waveguide: emission without external driving
• Integrating superfluids with superconducting qubit systems
• Measuring effective temperatures of qubits using correlations
• Low-pass filter with ultra-wide stopband for quantum computing applications
• Bimodal Approach for Noise Figures of Merit Evaluation in Quantum-Limited Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers
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• Circulation by microwave-induced vortex transport for signal isolation
• Superconducting-semiconducting voltage-tunable qubits in the third dimension
• On the fragility of gate-error metrics in simulation models of flux-tunable transmon quantum computers
• The resource cost of large scale quantum computing
• CUBIT: Capacitive qUantum BIT
• Full control of superconducting qubits with combined on-chip microwave and flux lines
• Measurement and control of a superconducting quantum processor with a fully-integrated radio-frequency system on a chip
• Dynamics of a dispersively coupled transmon qubit in the presence of a noise source embedded in the control line