Overcoming I/O bottleneck in superconducting quantum computing: multiplexed qubit control with ultra-low-power, base-temperature cryo-CMOS multiplexer

Abstract

Large-scale superconducting quantum computing systems entail high-fidelity control and readout of large numbers of qubits at millikelvin temperatures, resulting in a massive input-output bottleneck. Cryo-electronics, based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, may offer a scalable and versatile solution to overcome this bottleneck. However, detrimental effects due to cross-coupling between the electronic and thermal noise generated during cryo-electronics operation and the qubits need to be avoided. Here we present an ultra-low power radio-frequency (RF) multiplexing cryo-electronics solution operating below 15 mK that allows for control and interfacing of superconducting qubits with minimal cross-coupling. We benchmark its performance by interfacing it with a superconducting qubit and observe that the qubit's relaxation times ($T_1$) are unaffected, while the coherence times ($T_2$) are only minimally affected in both static and dynamic operation. Using the multiplexer, single qubit gate fidelities above 99.9%, i.e., well above the threshold for surface-code based quantum error-correction, can be achieved with appropriate thermal filtering. In addition, we demonstrate the capability of time-division-multiplexed qubit control by dynamically windowing calibrated qubit control pulses. Our results show that cryo-CMOS multiplexers could be used to significantly reduce the wiring resources for large-scale qubit device characterization, large-scale quantum processor control and quantum error correction protocols.

arXiv comment16+6 pages, 4+1+5 figures, 1 table

References in corpus (47)

• Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
• Supplementary information for "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor"
• Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation
• QuTiP 2: A Python framework for the dynamics of open quantum systems
• Quantum computational advantage using photons
• Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
• A Quantum Engineer's Guide to Superconducting Qubits
• Introduction to Quantum Noise, Measurement and Amplification
• Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing: Progress and Challenges
• Strong quantum computational advantage using a superconducting quantum processor
• Quantum algorithms: an overview
• Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates
• Simple pulses for elimination of leakage in weakly nonlinear qubits
• Robust randomized benchmarking of quantum processes
• How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits
• Realizing Repeated Quantum Error Correction in a Distance-Three Surface Code
• The Flux Qubit Revisited to Enhance Coherence and Reproducibility
• Efficient Z-Gates for Quantum Computing
• Characterizing Quantum Gates via Randomized Benchmarking
• Quantum advantage with shallow circuits
• Engineering cryogenic setups for 100-qubit scale superconducting circuit systems
• Transmon qubit with relaxation time exceeding 0.5 milliseconds
• Silicon quantum processor unit cell operation above one Kelvin
• Two-qubit silicon quantum processor with operation fidelity exceeding 99%
• Realization of an Error-Correcting Surface Code with Superconducting Qubits
• Quantum walks on a programmable two-dimensional 62-qubit superconducting processor
• Cryogenic Control Architecture for Large-Scale Quantum Computing
• Scaling silicon-based quantum computing using CMOS technology: State-of-the-art, Challenges and Perspectives
• Rapid high-fidelity multiplexed readout of superconducting qubits
• Control and readout of a superconducting qubit using a photonic link
• Quantum--Classical Interface Based on Single Flux Quantum Digital Logic
• Suppressing relaxation in superconducting qubits by quasiparticle pumping
• Characterization and Modeling of 28-nm FDSOI CMOS Technology down to Cryogenic Temperatures
• Distinguishing coherent and thermal photon noise in a circuit QED system
• Qubit metrology of ultralow phase noise using randomized benchmarking
• Superconducting switch for fast on-chip routing of quantum microwave fields
• A CMOS dynamic random access architecture for radio-frequency readout of quantum devices
• Cryogenic on-chip multiplexer for the study of quantum transport in 256 split-gate devices
• In-situ Broadband Cryogenic Calibration for Two-port Superconducting Microwave Resonators
• On-Chip Josephson Junction Microwave Switch
• Path toward manufacturable superconducting qubits with relaxation times exceeding 0.1 ms
• Multiplexed quantum transport using commercial off-the-shelf CMOS at sub-kelvin temperatures
• Multiplexed Charge-locking Device for Large Arrays of Quantum Devices
• Improving qubit coherence using closed-loop feedback
• Integration of on-chip field-effect transistor switches with dopantless Si/SiGe quantum dots for high-throughput testing
• Millikelvin temperature cryo-CMOS multiplexer for scalable quantum device characterisation
• Demonstration of a superconducting nanowire microwave switch

Cited by in corpus (12)

• High-coherence superconducting qubits made using industry-standard, advanced semiconductor manufacturing
• All-optical single-shot readout of a superconducting qubit
• Microwave-multiplexed qubit controller using adiabatic superconductor logic
• Stochastic waveform estimation at the fundamental quantum limit
• Method for efficient large-scale cryogenic characterization of CMOS technologies
• Measurement of cryoelectronics heating using a local quantum dot thermometer in silicon
• Cryogenic photonic link using an extended-InGaAs photodiode and short pulse illumination towards high-fidelity drive of superconducting qubits
• Dynamics of Gate-Controlled Superconducting Dayem Bridges
• Hardware-level Interfaces for Hybrid Quantum-Classical Computing Systems
• Selective Excitation of Superconducting Qubits with a Shared Control Line through Pulse Shaping
• Overhead in Quantum Circuits with Time-Multiplexed Qubit Control
• On-chip Frequency divider in superconducting quantum circuit