Primary thermometry of propagating microwaves in the quantum regime
arXiv:2003.13522 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.10.041054
Abstract
The ability to control and measure the temperature of propagating microwave modes down to very low temperatures is indispensable for quantum information processing, and may open opportunities for studies of heat transport at the nanoscale, also in the quantum regime. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate primary thermometry of propagating microwaves using a transmon-type superconducting circuit. Our device operates continuously, with a sensitivity down to photons/$\sqrt{\mbox{Hz}}$ and a bandwidth of 40 MHz. We measure the thermal occupation of the modes of a highly attenuated coaxial cable in a range of 0.001 to 0.4 thermal photons, corresponding to a temperature range from 35 mK to 210 mK at a frequency around 5 GHz. To increase the radiation temperature in a controlled fashion, we either inject calibrated, wideband digital noise, or heat the device and its environment. This thermometry scheme can find applications in benchmarking and characterization of cryogenic microwave setups, temperature measurements in hybrid quantum systems, and quantum thermodynamics.
References in corpus (45)
- Charge insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box
- Opportunities for mesoscopics in thermometry and refrigeration: Physics and applications
- Coherent Josephson qubit suitable for scalable quantum integrated circuits
- The Flux Qubit Revisited to Enhance Coherence and Reproducibility
- Superconducting qubit in waveguide cavity with coherence time approaching 0.1ms
- Ultrastrong coupling of a single artificial atom to an electromagnetic continuum in the nonperturbative regime
- Quantum Equivalence and Quantum Signatures in Heat Engines
- Engineering cryogenic setups for 100-qubit scale superconducting circuit systems
- Realizing Rapid, High-Fidelity, Single-Shot Dispersive Readout of Superconducting Qubits
- Decoherence benchmarking of superconducting qubits
- Dephasing of a superconducting qubit induced by photon noise
- Observing a quantum Maxwell demon at work
- Tunable photonic heat transport in a quantum heat valve
- Strong Coupling Cavity QED with Gate-Defined Double Quantum Dots Enabled by a High Impedance Resonator
- Cavity-assisted quantum bath engineering
- Giant Cross Kerr Effect for Propagating Microwaves Induced by an Artificial Atom
- Thermal and Residual Excited-State Population in a 3D Transmon Qubit
- Quantum non-demolition detection of an itinerant microwave photon
- Photon Shot Noise Dephasing in the Strong-Dispersive Limit of Circuit QED
- Information-to-work conversion by Maxwell's demon in a superconducting circuit-QED system
- Information gain and loss for a quantum Maxwell's demon
- Probing the quantum vacuum with an artificial atom in front of a mirror
- Fast electron thermometry towards ultra-sensitive calorimetric detection
- Quantum Circuit Refrigerator
- Quantum theory of a bandpass Purcell filter for qubit readout
- Single-Shot Quantum Non-Demolition Detection of Itinerant Microwave Photons
- Detecting itinerant microwave photons with engineered non-linear dissipation
- Distinguishing coherent and thermal photon noise in a circuit QED system
- Cavity Attenuators for Superconducting Qubits
- Detection of zeptojoule microwave pulses using electrothermal feedback in proximity-induced Josephson junctions
- Microwave attenuators for use with quantum devices below 100 mK
- Measurement of a Superconducting Qubit with a Microwave Photon Counter
- Electronic Refrigeration at the Quantum Limit
- Improved success probability with greater circuit depth for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm
- Quantum-to-Classical Transition in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
- Superconducting switch for fast on-chip routing of quantum microwave fields
- Nanobolometer with Ultralow Noise Equivalent Power
- Reflective amplification without population inversion from a strongly driven superconducting qubit
- The upside of noise: engineered dissipation as a resource in superconducting circuits
- Radiative cooling of a superconducting resonator
- Photon Statistics of Propagating Thermal Microwaves
- Parity Detection of Propagating Microwave Fields
- Measuring effective temperatures of qubits using correlations
- Microwave measurement beyond the quantum limit with a nonreciprocal amplifier
- Hot electron heatsinks for microwave attenuators below 100 mK
Cited by in corpus (21)
- Quantum technologies need a Quantum Energy Initiative
- Fundamental limits in Bayesian thermometry and attainability via adaptive strategies
- Energetics of a Single Qubit Gate
- Propagating Quantum Microwaves: Towards Applications in Communication and Sensing
- Low-temperature quantum thermometry boosted by coherence generation
- Two-way covert quantum communication in the microwave regime
- Propagating Wigner-Negative States Generated from the Steady-State Emission of a Superconducting Qubit
- Dynamical heat engines with non--Markovian reservoirs
- Nonequilibrium heat transport and work with a single artificial atom coupled to a waveguide: emission without external driving
- Low-pass filter with ultra-wide stopband for quantum computing applications
- Harnessing coherence generation for precision single- and two-qubit quantum thermometry
- Engineering symmetry-selective couplings of a superconducting artificial molecule to microwave waveguides
- Thermometry Based on a Superconducting Qubit
- Applications of Superconductor-Normal Metal Interfaces
- Leveraging collective effects for thermometry in waveguide quantum electrodynamics
- Quantum metrology of a structured reservoir
- Collectively induced transparency and absorption in waveguide QED with Bragg atom arrays
- Enhancing the sensitivity of single microwave photon detection with bandwidth tunability
- Coherence-Mediated Quantum Thermometry in a Hybrid Circuit-QED Architecture
- Ultimate quantum limit for amplification: a single atom in front of a mirror
- Protocol for temperature sensing using a three-level transmon circuit