Quantum Circuit Refrigerator

Abstract

Quantum technology promises revolutionizing applications in information processing, communications, sensing, and modelling. However, efficient on-demand cooling of the functional quantum degrees of freedom remains a major challenge in many solid-state implementations, such as superconducting circuits. Here, we demonstrate direct cooling of a superconducting resonator mode using voltage-controllable quantum tunneling of electrons in a nanoscale refrigerator. This result is revealed by a decreased electron temperature at a resonator-coupled probe resistor, even when the electrons in the refrigerator itself are at an elevated temperature. Our conclusions are verified by control experiments and by a good quantitative agreement between a detailed theoretical model and the direct experimental observations in a broad range of operation voltages and phonon bath temperatures. In the future, the introduced refrigerator can be integrated with different quantum electric devices, potentially enhancing their performance. For the superconducting quantum computer, for example, it may provide an efficient way of initializing the quantum bits.

26 pages, 9 figures

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• Distinguishing coherent and thermal photon noise in a circuit QED system
• Pulsed reset protocol for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits
• Out-of-equilibrium operation of a quantum heat engine: The cost of thermal coupling control
• Thermally driven quantum refrigerator autonomously resets superconducting qubit
• Optimized heat transfer at exceptional points in quantum circuits
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• Fundamental limits in Bayesian thermometry and attainability via adaptive strategies
• Boosting the performance of small autonomous refrigerators via common environmental effects
• Radiative cooling of a superconducting resonator
• Theory of quantum-circuit refrigeration by photon-assisted electron tunneling
• Finite-time quantum Stirling heat engine
• Speeding-up a quantum refrigerator via counter-diabatic driving
• Robust multipartite entanglement generation via a collision model
• Observation of a broadband Lamb shift in an engineered quantum system
• Photonic heat transport in three terminal superconducting circuit
• Electric field control of radiative heat transfer in a superconducting circuit
• Engineering dissipation with resistive elements in circuit quantum electrodynamics
• A low-noise on-chip coherent microwave source
• Reservoir Engineering using Quantum Optimal Control for Qubit Reset
• Quantum trajectory analysis of single microwave photon detection by nanocalorimetry
• Primary thermometry of propagating microwaves in the quantum regime
• System-Environment Correlations in Qubit Initialization and Control
• Two-Stroke Optimization Scheme for Mesoscopic Refrigerators
• Correlation-induced refrigeration with superconducting single-electron transistors
• Fast control of dissipation in a superconducting resonator
• Tunable refrigerator for non-linear quantum electric circuits
• State leakage during fast decay and control of a superconducting transmon qubit
• Distribution of waiting times between electron cotunnelings
• Measurement-based quantum thermal machines with feedback control
• Validity of Born-Markov master equations for single and two-qubit systems
• Active quasiparticle suppression in a non-equilibrium superconductor
• Friction-free quantum machines
• Single-junction quantum-circuit refrigerator
• Thermal signature of Majorana fermions in Josephson junction
• Efficient Microwave Photon to Electron Conversion in a High Impedance Quantum Circuit
• Initial experimental results on a superconducting-qubit reset based on photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling
• Piezo-driven sample rotation system with ultra-low electron temperature
• Parity-Engineered Light-Matter Interaction
• Photon-number-dependent effective Lamb shift
• Recent Developments in Quantum-Circuit Refrigeration
• Quantum Computing by Cooling
• Co-Design quantum simulation of nanoscale NMR
• Chiral quantum heating and cooling with an optically controlled ion
• Optimal quantum refrigeration in strained graphene
• Experimental Realization of Self-Contained Quantum Refrigeration
• Calibration of cryogenic amplification chains using normal-metal--insulator--superconductor junctions
• Assessment of weak-coupling approximations on a driven two-level system under dissipation
• Universal quantum computing with thermal state bosonic systems
• Dicke superradiant enhancement of the heat current in circuit QED
• Exceptional-point-assisted entanglement, squeezing, and reset in a chain of three superconducting resonators
• Charge dynamics in quantum-circuit refrigeration: thermalization and microwave gain
• Thermoelectric processes of quantum normal-superconductor interfaces
• Applications of Superconductor-Normal Metal Interfaces
• Quantum-circuit refrigeration of a superconducting microwave resonator well below a single quantum
• Quantum heat valve and entanglement in superconducting $LC$ resonators
• Efficient electronic cooling above 2 K by niobium-based superconducting tunnel junctions
• Many-excitation removal of a transmon qubit using a single-junction quantum-circuit refrigerator and a two-tone microwave drive
• Microwave-assisted thermoelectricity in SIS' tunnel junctions
• Analytical solution of the open dispersive Jaynes-Cummings model and perturbative analytical solution of the open quantum Rabi model
• Non-uniform heat redistribution among multiple channels in the integer quantum Hall regime
• Topological eigenvalues braiding and quantum state transfer near a third-order exceptional point
• Superconducting tunnel junction fabrication on three-dimensional topography via direct laser writing
• Reconstruction Approach to Quantum Dynamics of Bosonic Systems
• Nonreciprocal microwave transmission based on Gebhard-Ruckenstein hopping
• Rapid on-demand generation of thermal states in superconducting quantum circuits
• Antiresonant quantum transport in ac driven molecular nanojunctions
• Escaping Local Minima with Quantum Coherent Cooling
• Cryogenic microwave source based on nanoscale tunnel junctions
• Scalable quantum eraser for superconducting integrated circuits
• Numerical implementation of the partial secular approximation and unified master equation in structured open quantum systems
• Dynamical phase and quantum heat at fractional frequencies
• Quantum circuit refrigerator based on quantum dots coupled to normal-metal and superconducting electrodes
• Proposal for an autonomous quantum heat engine
• Dissipation and noise in strongly driven Josephson junctions
• Photonic Negative Differential Thermal Conductance Enabled by NIS Junctions